小A 晉城教育資訊
還有兩個多月就高考了，現在同學們都在緊張的複習中準備最後的衝刺階段。而如何科學的複習，也是需要同學們去著重注意的，每一科的複習方法，每一個題型的複習方法，都是需要我們去運用規律和知識去理解和學習的。
就拿主科的英語來說，他的題型有聽力、選擇題、閱讀理解、作文等，每一個板塊如何複習，有沒有規律可循，都是需要我們在最後的衝刺階段去解決的。
英語作為拉開兩極分化差距的學科，許多同學在做題的時候也面臨著看不懂題目，單詞量缺乏等問題，而在高考的英語題型中閱讀理解又是一個佔比很大的題型，所以如何在閱讀理解中不丟分，方法也是很重要的。
接下來就給同學們講講如何做閱讀理解，怎麼提分。乾貨來啦，小板凳準備好了嗎？
首先，英語的閱讀理解可以大致分為九個類型：
英語閱讀理解九大題型
一、細節事實題
二、例證題
三、詞彙題
四、句子理解題
五、指代題
六、推理題
七、作者態度題
八、判斷題
九、主旨題
同學們並不一定要把每個類型的分類弄清楚，畢竟實戰比空想更重要，在這裡只是幫助大家去理解和分析。
了解了閱讀理解的常見題型，那每個題型具體的解題方法是什麼呢，現在為大家講解一下，敲黑板啦，小板凳準備好了沒？
01 細節事實題
說明：屬於細節類型的閱讀理解題一般只針對某個特定的細節，題型可以多種多樣
此類題型一般分兩種：
第一種是直接理解題，在原文中可以直接找到答案。
第二種是詞義轉換題，正確選項是原文有關詞語和句子的轉換。
做題方法：做此類試題一定要抓住事件發生的時間、地點、人物、發展過程和結局等環節，所選答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生義。
這類題型的主要提問方式常為：
①Which of the following is true/not true in the passage?
②Which of the following statements is not discussed/mentioned in the passage?
③Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?例子：What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A.Train Science teachers.
B.Distribute science books.
C.Distribute scientific research.
D.Take science to the classroom.
02 例證題
說明：例證題做題的關鍵在於是否能找到例子支持的論點，而不在於能否看懂例子
做題方法：
①首先返回原文定位該例子；
②然後參考80％向上、20％向下搜索該例子支持的論點；
③在四個選項中尋找與找到的論點表達最一致、意思最接近的一個才是正確答案。
一般常見的核心詞彙有：case、 example、 illustration、 demonstration 、exemplify 、demonstrate、 illustrate
例子：When prehistoric man arrived innewpartsoftheworld, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.
A.large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
B.small species survived as large animals disappeared
C.large sea animals may face the same threat today
D.slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
03 詞彙題
說明：猜詞題可以劃分為兩大類，實詞和虛詞。實詞包含幾個小類，分別是單詞、短語、句子（短句為主）。虛詞通常為代詞。
做題方法：
①合成法
合成法是指2個或多個單詞按照一定的組合規律組合在一起，形成一個新的單詞。一般來說，新的合成詞的意思就是各個組成詞的意思的綜合。
例如：workmate是由work和mate 組合成的新單詞，它的意思是「工友，同事」。這樣的單詞在平時閱讀中經常見到，也比較容易猜測出他們的意思。
②派生法
他是通過在基礎詞根上添加前綴或者後綴來構造新詞。一般來說，前綴改變詞義不改變詞性；而後綴改變詞性不改變詞義。
例如：dis-，un-，im-，in-，non-，mis-等是一些表示否定或者相反意思的前綴，它們用在單詞的前面往往構成原單詞的反義詞。如appear-disappear、possible-impossible、like-unlike等。
③轉換法把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞性不變的方法叫做轉化法。
例如：The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket. Empty 由形容詞轉化用作動詞，在此表示「空」的意思。
04 句子理解題
說明：在題幹中明確指出原文中的一句話，要求理解其意思。
做題方法：①返回原文對出題的句子進行語法解析，要精確理解其涵義
②重要的並不是上下文，而是句子本身，正確答案與原句之間是一種同義關係，其中沒有任何推理過程。
例子：The statement 「it is all too monkey」 (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.
A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
B.resenting unfairness is also monkeys』 nature
C.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other
D.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions
05 指代說明題
說明：在題幹中明確指出原文中某處的指代詞，要求辨別其指代關係。
常考的指代詞有：it /that /one
做題方法：
①首先返回原文定位該指代詞，並且參考90％向上、10％向下搜索其指代的詞、詞組或句子；
②然後在四個選項中找出與所找到的詞、詞組或句子意思最接近的一個作為答案。
例子：Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
What does the underlined word 「that」 in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Jazz becoming more accessible.
B.The production of jazz growing faster.
C.Jazz being less popular with the young.
D.The jazz audience becoming larger.
06 推理題
說明：推理題主要考查學生根據文章的字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關係，研究細節的暗示，推敲作者的態度，理解文章的寓意等。
推理題的關鍵詞：infer、imply
做題方法：
①絕大多數推理題是原文意思的同義表達，正確答案與原文之間沒有任何推理關係；②做題時可以尋找四個選項中三錯一對的關係；
③如果四個選項中有兩個或兩個以上的選項都是成立的推理步驟，那麼與原文意思最接近、所用推理最少的選項即是正確答案。
例子：Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, 「Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. 」The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, 「The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.」
What can you conclude from this passage?
A.the engineer asked for too much money
B.the workers should pay the money
C.the knowledge is worth money
D.the new part could cost more
07 作者態度題
說明：作者觀點態度題就是指針對作者的寫作意圖、觀點態度和對事件的評價設問的閱讀理解題目。
作者態度題的關鍵詞：attitude believe deem consider regard
作者態度一般分為分為三大類：
①支持、贊同、樂觀
②客觀、中立
③反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀
有些選項是固定不能作為正確答案的：indifferent subjective biased puzzling
做題方法：
①找文中帶有感情色彩的名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞
②根據作者舉的例子判斷
例子：State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they've focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.
Only recently have they come to see the vital part forest will have to play in storing carbon.
California's plan,which is expected to be finalized bythe governor next year,should serve as a model。
The author's attitude to California's plan can best be describedas________.
A.ambiguous
B.tolerant
C.supportive
D.cautious
08 判斷題
說明：判斷題屬於深層次理解類試題，要求考生在理解原文字面意義的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關係及細節分析，進行推理和判斷，從而得出文章的深層意義和隱含意義。
做題方法：
①首先應判斷是三錯一對還是三對一錯，所謂「對」是指符合原文，所謂「錯」是指和原文有矛盾，或原文未提及。
②每一個選項都應力爭返回原文，不能通過印象進行判斷
需要特別關注的地方：
①轉折處
②最高級
③感情色彩的詞（褒貶含義）
常見句型：
①which of the following statement is not true/correct/mentioned?
②All of the following statements are true /correct/mentioned except?
例子：To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans』 theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.
09 主旨題
說明：利用宏觀閱讀技巧做主旨題，特別要小心首段、末段陷阱
做題方法：快速作文法：依據選項、快速作文、與原文核對
常見關鍵詞：best title 、main idea 、main problem 、conclusion
例子：What is the main theme of the passage?
A.Having a goal is vital to success.
B.Being good is different from being great.
C.One cannot succeed without time and practice.
D.Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.
希望大家能把每個題型的解題思路都能弄懂，然後每個題型都多刷幾遍，多做幾次，把它吃透，熟能生巧，這樣在考場上做題就能遊刃有餘。