三種腳踝扭傷Twisted Ankle, Rolled Ankle和Sprained Ankle有什麼區別?該如何治療?

三種腳踝扭傷，Twisted Ankle、Rolled Ankle和Sprained Ankle有什麼區別？該如何治療？

A Sprained Ankle, a Twisted Ankle, and a Rolled Ankle:What is the Difference? How do I treat it?

 

什麼是腳踝扭傷？

What is a Sprained Ankle?

 

今年夏初，我和我的媽媽穿過我們家的院子去給花澆水。這是一個美麗的陽光明媚的清晨，帶有些許涼意。當我在看我們其中一株灌木時，我正在與站在我身後的媽媽聊天。接下來，等我轉過身時，我媽媽已經四肢攤開地坐在地面上了。原來剛才她的腳陷進了院子中的一個窟窿裡，導致腳踝扭傷。她的腳踝迅速腫大，並且在行走時十分疼痛。我幫助她回到屋內，並對腳踝進行了冰敷。

Early this summer my mom and I were walking through our yard to water the flowers. It was a beautiful, sunny morning with a cool breeze. I was having a conversation with my mom with my back to her while I was looking at one of our bushes. The next thing I know, I turn around and my mom is sprawled out on the ground. She had stepped into a hole in the yard and twisted her ankle. It immediately swelled and was painful when she walked. I helped her get inside where we applied an ice pack.

我確信幾乎每一個人都有與此類似的經歷。腳踝扭傷是最容易發生的損傷之一。腳踝損傷即腳踝部相應組織的損傷；可以為骨組織、韌帶或肌腱。當腳踝扭傷時，由於韌帶過度拉伸超過正常限度而造成了損傷。勞損是指過度拉伸肌肉肌腱而造成的損傷。骨折為骨連續性中斷。

I’m sure that almost everyone has a story at least somewhat similar to this. A sprained ankle is one of the easiest and most commonly occurring injuries to get. An ankle injury is defined by the kind of tissue that is damaged; this could be your bone, ligament, or tendon. When you sprain your ankle, damage to your ligaments occurs due to being stretched beyond their normal capacity. A strain refers to damage to muscles and tendons as a result of being pulled or stretched too far.  A fracture describes a break in one or more on the bones.

 

Twisted Ankle, Rolled Ankle和Sprained Ankle這三個名詞表示腳踝扭傷時有什麼區別呢？

What is the Difference Between a Twisted Ankle, a Rolled Ankle, and a Sprained Ankle?

 

Twisted Ankle, Rolled Ankle和Sprained Ankle這三個詞都能用來描述相同的事。雖然結果都一樣，但是損傷的方式不同。Rolled Ankle更側重於腳踝外側的損傷。如果使用twist表示扭傷，腳踝損傷的部位可能不同，但通常表達的部位仍然是外側。

The terms 『twisted ankle』, 『rolled ankle』, and 『sprained ankle』 can all basically be used to describe the same thing. The outcome is the same, but the way you got the injury may differ. With a 'rolled' ankle, it is more likely that you will injure the lateral side of your ankle. If you 'twist' your ankle, the side of the ankle injured may differ, but it is still most common to injure the lateral side.

 

誰更容易腳踝扭傷？

Who is Most Likely to get a Sprained Ankle?

 

半數腳踝扭傷發生在體育活動中。如果你或你的孩子參加運動或高強度的鍛鍊，你可能更容易腳踝扭傷。在15歲至24歲年齡的群體中，男性相較於女性有更高的概率發生腳踝扭傷。儘管，對於30歲以上的群體來說，女性更易發生腳踝扭傷。在美國，每天都有25000人腳踝扭傷，所以你永遠都不能掉以輕心。

Half of all ankle sprains occur during athletic activity. If you or your child participate in sports or high levels of exercise, it’s much more likely that you』ll get a sprained ankle. Men between 15 years old and 24 years old have higher rates of ankle sprains compared to women in that age group. Although, women older than the age of 30 have higher rates than men of spraining their ankle. Every day in the United States, 25,000 people sprain their ankle so you’re never quite out of the woods.

 

腳踝扭傷主要原因：

The Most Common Causes of a Sprained Ankle:

1.         跌落可導致腳踝扭傷

A fall that causes you to twist your ankle

2.         在不平整的地面上行走或鍛鍊

Walking or exercising on an uneven surface

3.         在體育活動中，其他人踩在你的腳上

Another person stepping or landing on your foot during a sports activity

4.         在跳躍或旋轉後笨拙地用腳著地

Landing awkwardly on your foot after jumping or pivoting

 

腳踝扭傷的風險因素：        

Risk Factors of a Twisted Ankle:

 

不平整的路面：在不平坦的表面或惡劣的野外條件下行走或跑步可能會增加腳踝扭傷的風險

Uneven Surfaces: Walking or running on uneven surfaces or poor field conditions may increase the risk of an ankle sprain.

 

運動參與程度: 腳踝扭傷是常見的運動損傷，特別是那些需要跳躍、切削動作和腳的滾動和扭動的運動，例如籃球，網球，橄欖球，足球和越野跑。

Sports Participation: Ankle sprains are a common sports injury, particularly in sports that require jumping, cutting action, or rolling or twisting of the foot such as basketball, tennis, football, soccer, and trail running.

 

既往腳踝損傷: 一旦你之前有過腳踝扭傷或其他類型腳踝損傷，你的腳踝就更容易再次扭傷。

A Previous Ankle Injury: Once you've sprained your ankle or had another type of ankle injury, you're more likely to sprain it again.

 

鞋子不合適: 鞋子不合腳或不適合運動，例如高跟鞋，會使你的腳踝更易損傷。務必挑選一雙合適的鞋子！

Improper Shoes: Shoes that don't fit properly or aren't appropriate for an activity, as well as high-heeled shoes in general, make ankles more vulnerable to injury. Make sure you have a good pair of shoes!

 

簡陋的運動條件: 參加運動時，腳踝力量或柔韌性差可能會增加扭傷的風險

Poor Physical Condition: Poor strength or flexibility in the ankles may increase the risk of a sprain when participating in sports.

 

腳踝扭傷的症狀：

Symptoms of a Sprained Ankle:

 

腫脹

Swelling

瘀傷

Bruising

運動範圍受限制

Restricted range of motion

承重時疼痛

Pain when bearing weight

受傷時有爆裂感

Popping sensation at the time of injury

觸摸腳踝時有壓痛

Tenderness when touching the ankle

腳踝不穩定

Instability in the ankle

 

如何預防腳踝扭傷:

How to Prevent a Rolled Ankle:

 

適當的熱身活動

Proper warm-up techniques

在不平坦的表面上進行體育鍛鍊時要小心

Be careful when doing physical activity on uneven surfaces

穿合腳的鞋子

Wear shoes that fit well

避免那些自身條件不適合的運動

Avoid sports that you are not well conditioned for

增加平衡訓練

Practice balance exercises

在脆弱或先前受傷的腳踝上使用腳踝支持裝備

Use an ankle support on a weak or previously injured ankle

 

如何護理腳踝扭傷：

How to Care for a Sprained Ankle:

 

休息，冰敷，按壓，抬高患肢

Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate

物理理療

Physical Therapy

 

踝關節扭傷分級：我的扭傷有多嚴重？

Sprained Ankle Grading: How bad is my sprain?

 

就像受傷一樣，腳踝扭傷的嚴重程度也可能不同，但實際上有一個方法可以確定腳踝扭傷的嚴重程度！扭傷分為三種不同的等級或程度。

Just like an injury,the severity of a sprained ankle can differ. Lucky for you, there’s actually ascale to determine how badly you sprained your ankle! There are three differentgrades, or degrees, of sprains. 

踝關節扭傷1級

Grade 1 of a Sprained Ankle

 

腳踝略有腫脹，並可能伴有酸痛，還會出現瘀傷青腫。這意味著韌帶有拉伸性損傷但沒有撕裂。最好的治療選擇是RICE方法(Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate, 休息，冰敷，按壓，抬高患肢), 直到症狀改善。該等級的恢復時間最短-大約2-4周。

Your ankle is slightly swollen and is probably sore. You may notice a bruise as well. This means your ligament has been stretched but not torn. The best treatment option for this is the RICE approach for several days until the symptoms improve. This grade will have the shortest amount of recovery time - about 2-4 weeks.

 

踝關節扭傷2級

Grade 2 of a Sprained Ankle

 

這意味著韌帶部分撕裂。這會導致長時間的疼痛和腫脹。使用腳踝承重會感到很痛苦。瘀傷顯示已出現皮下出血，因此可能還會出現青紫。二級踝關節扭傷的治療包括RICE方法(Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate, 休息，冰敷，按壓，抬高患肢),以及支具、或支具行走靴或者石膏對受傷腳踝部位進行固定。醫生可能還會建議做適當居家運動以改善運動範圍。二級損傷的恢復時間約為6-8周。

This means you have a partial tear in your ligament. This causes prolonged pain and swelling. It will be painful to bear weight on your ankle. The tear has caused bleeding under your skin, so you will probably notice bruising as well. Treatment for a grade two ankle sprain includes the RICE approach as well as a device such as aboot or a splint to immobilize the ankle. You may also be given exercises to improve range of motion by your doctor that you can do at home. The recovery time for grade two is about 6-8 weeks. 

 踝關節扭傷3級

Grade 3 of aSprained Ankle

 

3級扭傷意味著韌帶的全部撕裂。這種扭傷包括嚴重的疼痛，腫脹和淤青。韌帶功能喪失，因此您的腳踝會感到不穩定，無法支撐您的體重。治療幾乎與2級相同，但如果扭傷未能在合理的時間內治癒，則應進行手術治療。3級扭傷恢復時間取決於許多因素。

Grade three is a full tear of your ligament. This level of sprain includes severe pain, swelling and bruising. Your ligament is no longer able to do its job so your ankle will feel unstable and be unable to support your weight. Treatment is almost the same as the treatment for grade 2, which the exception of surgery if the sprain does not heal in a reasonable amount of time. Grade three recovery time depends on several factors.

 

原文連結：

https://www.braceability.com/blogs/articles/sprained-rolled-twisted-ankle

 

翻譯：2017級臨床醫學專業楊昊南

審校: 馬真勝