Isaac Newton
艾薩克·牛頓
Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day 1642, in the rural English county of Lincolnshire. Isaac's early years were spent in the care of his grandmother. At age 12, he was sent away to school in the town of Grantham.
1642年的聖誕節，艾薩克·牛頓出生在英國林肯郡的鄉間。艾薩克在祖母的照顧下度過了他的童年時光。在他十二歲那年，他被送到格蘭瑟姆的一所學校讀書。
Living in the house of an apothecary called Clark, young Isaac showed a keen interest in the man's chemistry books and laboratory. He also built devices to amuse Clark's stepdaughter. Newton was said to be attracted to amuse Clark's stepdaughter. Newton was said to be attracted to the girl, but she later married someone else, while he remained single all his life.
少年艾薩克住在一位名叫克拉克的藥劑師家，他對克拉克的化學書籍和實驗室表現出濃厚的興趣。他還製作了一些小設備逗克拉克的繼女高興。據說牛頓被這女孩所吸引，但她後來還是嫁給了別人，而牛頓則終生未娶。
Newton entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1661 After graduating in 1665, Newton planned to study for a master's degree, but the university was closed due to an outbreak of the plague. He returned to his home village for 18 months, during which time he did most of the thinking that led to his later work on gravitation and optics.
1661年，牛頓進入著名的劍橋「三一學院」。1665年牛頓從大學畢業後，打算攻讀碩士學位，但大學卻由於鼠疫的爆發而關閉。他回到家鄉採了18個月，他以後在萬有引力與光學方面的研究大部分是在這個時期蘊釀構思完成的。
Newton returned to Cambridge in 1667, completed his studies, and at the age of 27, became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there. He was given this position on the recommendation of his predecessor, and held it for 27 years.
1667年，牛頓回到劍橋，完成了他的學業，並在27歲時成為劍橋學院的數學教授。他是通過前任教授的推薦而獲此教職，擔任了27年之久。
Newton's experiments in optics led to improvements in the effectiveness of telescopes. He sent his results to the Royal Society, England's most prestigious scientific organization. The Society's positive reaction encouraged him to send in a paper outlining his experiments on light.
牛頓在光學領域的實驗，導致了後來對望遠錐效能的改善。他將實驗結果送到英國最具威望的科學組織——「皇家學會」，而該學會對此所作的積極反應，激勵他送去了一篇光學實驗報告的大綱。
Some of the Society's more conservative members objected to Newton's revolutionary conclusions. Always sensitive to criticism, he became discouraged and almost quit scientific work altogether. The great astronomer Edmund Halley eventually persuaded Newton to put together the results of his work on the laws of motion.
然而學會中一些更保守的會員反對牛頓革命性的結論。對批評總是很敏感的牛頓，聽到這些意見後大為沮喪，而且幾乎要放棄科學研究。著名的天文學家埃德蒙·哈雷，最後說服了牛頓讓他總結在運動定律方面的研究結果。
The outcome was the famous "Principia Mathematica", which Publishecl in 1687, in which Newton presented solutions to most of the problems of motion that had concerned earlier scientists. This was the high point of his professional life, though he continuously revised and improved the work until his death in 1727. The papers Newton left behind testify to the incredible powers of concentration of the genius who opened the door to the age of technology.
牛頓的研究成果在1687年首次出版的《自然哲學的數學原理》一書中發表。在這本書裡牛頓對以前科學家所關心的大部分力學難題做出了解答。雖然他在1727年去世前仍持續地修正、改進他在這方面的研究著作，可這段時期仍是他事業的巔峰時期。牛頓留下的研究論述證明了這位開啟科技時代大門的天才擁有驚人的專注力。