2016年新SAT樣題
Writing and Language部分
Time-15 minutes
13 Question
Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage.
Dong Kingman: Painter of Cities
A 1954 documentary about renowned watercolor painter Dong Kingman shows the artist sitting on a stool on Mott Street in New York City’s Chinatown. A crowd of admiring spectators watches as Kingman squeezes dollops of paint from several tubes into a tin watercolor ①box, from just a few primary colors, Kingman creates dozens of beautiful hues as he layers the translucent paint onto the paper on his easel. Each stroke of the brush and dab of the sponge transforms thinly sketched outlines into buildings, shop signs, and streetlamps. The street scene Kingman begins composing in this short film is very much in keeping with the urban landscapes for which he is best known.
[1] Kingman was keenly interested in landscape painting from an early age. [2] In Hong Kong, where Kingman completed his schooling, teachers at that time customarily assigned students a formal 「school name.」 [3] His interest was so keen, in fact, that he was named after it. [4] The young boy who had been called Dong Moy Shu became Dong Kingman. [5] The name Kingman was selected for its two ②parts, 「king」 and 「man」; Cantonese for 「scenery」 and 「composition.」 [6] As Kingman developed as a painter, his works were often compared to ③paintings by Chinese landscape artists dating back to CE 960, a time when a strong tradition of landscape painting emerged in Chinese art. [7] Kingman, however, ④vacated from that tradition in a number of ways, most notably in that he chose to focus not on natural landscapes, such as mountains and rivers, but on cities.⑤
⑥His fine brushwork conveys detailed street-level activity: a peanut vendor pushing his cart on the sidewalk, a pigeon pecking for crumbs around a fire hydrant, an old man tending to a baby outside a doorway. His broader brushstrokes and sponge-painted shapes create majestic city skylines, with skyscrapers towering in the background, bridges connecting neighborhoods on either side of a river, and enormous ships maneuvering out of a busy harbor. To art critics and fans alike, these city scenes represent the innovative spirit of twentieth-century urban Modernism.
During his career, Kingman exhibited his work ⑦internationally. He garnered much acclaim. In 1936, a critic described one of Kingman’s solo exhibits as 「twenty of the freshest, most satisfying watercolors that have been seen hereabouts in many a day.」 Since Kingman’s death in 2000, museums across the United States and in China have continued to ensure that his now-iconic landscapes remain available for the
public to enjoy.
1.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) box. From just a few primary colors
(C) box from just a few primary colors
(D) box, from just a few primary colors
2.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) parts: 「king」 and 「man,」
(C) parts 「king」 and 「man」;
(D) parts; 「king」 and 「man」
3.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) Chinese landscape artists
(C) painters of Chinese landscapes
(D) artists
4.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) evacuated
(C) departed
(D) retired
5. For the sake of the cohesion of this paragraph, sentence 3 should be placed
(A) where it is now.
(B) before sentence 1.
(C) after sentence 1.
(D) after sentence 4.
6. Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?
(A) Kingman is considered a pioneer of the California Style school of painting.
(B) Although cities were his main subject, Kingman did occasionally paint natural landscapes.
(C) In his urban landscapes, Kingman captures the vibrancy of crowded cities.
(D) In 1929 Kingman moved to Oakland, California, where he attended the Fox Art School.
7. Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?
(A) internationally, and Kingman also garnered
(B) internationally; from exhibiting, he garnered
(C) internationally but garnered
(D) internationally, garnering
Questions 8-13 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.
A Life in Traffic
A subway system is expanded to provide service to a growing suburb. A bike-sharing program is adopted to encourage nonmotorized transportation. Stoplight timing is coordinated to alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area. When any one of these changes ⑧occur, it is likely the result of careful analysis conducted by transportation planners.
The work of transportation planners generally includes evaluating current transportation needs, assessing the effectiveness of existing facilities, and improving those facilities or ⑨they design new ones. Most transportation planners work in or near cities, but some are employed in rural areas. Say, for example, a large factory is built on the outskirts of a small town. Traffic to and from that location would increase at the beginning and end of work shifts. The transportation planner’s job might involve conducting a traffic count to determine the daily number of vehicles traveling on the road to the new factory. If analysis of the traffic count indicates that there is more traffic than the ⑩current road as it is designed at this time can efficiently accommodate, the transportation planner might recommend widening the road to add another lane.
Transportation planners work closely with a number of community stakeholders, such as government officials and other interested organizations and individuals. ?Next, representatives from the local public health department might provide input in designing a network of trails and sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. Members of the Chamber of Commerce might share suggestions about designing transportation and parking facilities to support local businesses.
?People who pursue careers in transportation planning have a wide variety of educational backgrounds. A two-year degree in transportation technology may be sufficient for some entry-level jobs in the field. Most jobs, however, require at least a bachelor’s degree; majors of transportation planners are varied, including fields such as urban studies, civil engineering, geography, or transportation and logistics management. For many positions in the field, a master’s degree is required.
Transportation planners perform critical work within the broader field of urban and regional planning. As of 2010, there were approximately 40,300 urban and regional planners employed in the United States. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts steady job growth in this field, ?projecting that 16 percent of new jobs in all occupations will be related to urban and regional planning. Population growth and concerns about environmental sustainability are expected to spur the need for transportation planning professionals.
8.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) occur, they are
(C) occurs, they are
(D) occurs, it is
9.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) to design
(C) designing
(D) design
10.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) current design of the road right now
(C) road as it is now currently designed
(D) current design of the road
11.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) For instance,
(C) Furthermore,
(D) Similarly,
12.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) People, who pursue careers in transportation planning,
(C) People who pursue careers, in transportation planning,
(D) People who pursue careers in transportation planning,
13. Which choice completes the sentence with accurate data based on the graph?
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) warning, however, that job growth in urban and regional planning will slow to 14 percent by 2020.
(C) predicting that employment of urban and regional planners will increase 16 percent between 2010 and 2020.
(D) indicating that 14 to 18 percent of urban and regional planning positions will remain unfilled.
答案及解析
Question 1
content: Sentence Structure / Sentence formation / Sentence boundaries
focus: Students must create two grammatically complete and standard sentences.
key: B
Choice B is the best answer because it provides punctuation that creates two grammatically complete and standard sentences.
Choice A is not the best answer because it results in a comma splice as well as some confusion about what the prepositional phrase 「from just a few primary colors」 modifies.
Choice C is not the best answer because it results in a run-on sentence as well as some confusion about what the prepositional phrase 「from just a few primary colors」 modifies.
Choice D is not the best answer because it results in a comma splice.
Question 2
content: Conventions of Punctuation / Within-sentence punctuation, Nonrestrictive and parenthetical elements
focus: Students must both signal a strong within-sentence break and set off nonessential elements of the sentence.
key: B
Choice B is the best answer because the colon after 「parts」 effectively signals that what follows in the sentence further defines what the 「two parts」 of Kingman’s name are and because the comma after 「man」 properly indicates that 「『king』 and 『man』」 and 「Cantonese for 『scenery』 and 『composition』」 are nonrestrictive appositives.
Choice A is not the best answer because the semicolon after 「man」 incorrectly joins an independent clause and a phrase. Moreover, the comma after 「parts」 is arguably a weak form of punctuation to be signaling the strong break in the sentence indicated here.
Choice C is not the best answer because the semicolon after 「man」 incorrectly joins an independent clause and a phrase and because the absence of a comma after 「parts」 fails to indicate that 「two parts」 and 「『king』 and 『man』」 are nonrestrictive appositives.
Choice D is not the best answer because the semicolon after 「parts」 incorrectly joins an independent clause and phrases and because the absence of a comma after 「man」 fails to indicate that 「『king』 and 『man』」 and 「Cantonese for 『scenery』 and 『composition』」 are nonrestrictive appositives.
Question 3
content: Conventions of Usage / Logical comparison
focus: Students must ensure that like terms are being compared.
key: A
Choice A is the best answer because it creates a comparison between like terms: 「works」 by Kingman and 「paintings by Chinese landscape artists.」
Choice B is not the best answer because it creates a comparison between unlike terms: 「works」 by Kingman and 「Chinese landscape artists.」
Choice C is not the best answer because it creates a comparison between unlike terms: 「works」 by Kingman and 「painters of Chinese landscapes.」
Choice D is not the best answer because it creates a comparison between unlike terms: 「works」 by Kingman and 「artists.」
Question 4
content: Effective Language Use / Precision
focus: Students must determine the most contextually appropriate word.
key: C
Choice C is the best answer because 「departed」 is the most contextually appropriate way to indicate that Kingman had deviated from the tradition of Chinese landscape painting in a number of ways.
Choice A is not the best answer because while 「vacated」 does offer some sense of 「leaving,」 it would be awkward and unconventional to say that that a person was vacating from a tradition in a number of ways.
Choice B is not the best answer because while 「evacuated」 does offer some sense of 「leaving,」 it would be awkward and unconventional to say that a person was evacuating from a tradition in a number of ways.
Choice D is not the best answer because while 「retired」 does offer some sense of 「leaving,」 it would be awkward and unconventional to say that a person was retiring from a tradition in a number of ways.
Question 5
content: Organization / Logical sequence
focus: Students must improve the cohesion of a paragraph.
key: C
Choice C is the best answer because placing sentence 3 after sentence1 makes the paragraph most cohesive. Sentence 3 refers to Kingman’s 「interest」 being 「so keen,」 a callback to sentence 1, which says that 「Kingman was keenly interested in landscape painting from an early age.」
Choice A is not the best answer because leaving sentence 3 where it is now creates a sequence of sentences that lacks sufficient cohesion. Keeping sentence 3 in its current location disrupts the link between sentence 2 (which describes the concept of 「school names」 in Hong Kong) and sentence 4 (which reveals that Dong Kingman was the school name of Dong Moy Shu).
Choice B is not the best answer because placing sentence 3 before sentence 1 creates a sequence of sentences that lacks sufficient cohesion. Putting sentence 3 at the beginning of the paragraph would offer a poor introduction to the paragraph, in large part because sentence 3 builds directly on a point made in sentence 1.
Choice D is not the best answer because placing sentence 3 after sentence 4 creates a sequence of sentences that lacks sufficient cohesion. Putting sentence 3 after sentence 4 would disrupt the link between sentence 4 (which mentions that Dong Moy Shu was given the school name Dong Kingman) and sentence 5 (which explains what the two parts comprising the name Kingman mean in Cantonese).
Question 6
content: Development / Proposition
focus: Students must determine which sentence best signals the main topic of a paragraph.
key: C
Choice C is the best answer because it clearly establishes the main topic of the paragraph: Kingman’s urban landscapes.
Choice A is not the best answer because it would begin the paragraph with a loosely related detail about Kingman’s painting style and would not clearly establish the main topic of the paragraph.
Choice B is not the best answer because it would suggest that the main topic of the paragraph is the natural landscapes Kingman occasionally painted, which is incorrect given the focus of the rest of the sentences in the paragraph.
Choice D is not the best answer because it would begin the paragraph with a loosely related detail about Kingman’s life and would not clearly establish the main topic of the paragraph.
Question 7
content: Effective Language Use / Syntax
focus: Students must combine sentences effectively.
key: D
Choice D is the best answer because it combines the sentences logically and efficiently, with the original second sentence becoming a participial phrase describing Kingman.
Choice A is not the best answer because it creates a wordy and awkward construction and because it fails to link the acclaim Kingman received with the exhibition of his work.
Choice B is not the best answer because it creates a repetitive and awkward construction.
Choice C is not the best answer because 「but」 suggests contrast or exception, neither of which makes sense in the context of the sentence.
Question 8
content: Conventions of Usage / Agreement / Pronoun-antecedent agreement, Subject-verb agreement
focus: Students must maintain grammatical agreement between pronoun and antecedent and between subject and verb.
key: D
Choice D is the best answer because it maintains agreement between pronoun (「it」) and antecedent (「any one」) and between subject (「any one」) and verb (「occurs」).
Choice A is not the best answer because the plural verb 「occur」 does not agree with the singular subject 「any one.」
Choice B is not the best answer because the plural verb 「occur」 does not agree with the singular subject 「any one」 and because the plural pronoun 「they」 does not agree with the singular antecedent 「any one.」
Choice C is not the best answer because the plural pronoun 「they」 does not agree with the singular antecedent 「any one.」
Question 9
content: Sentence Structure / Sentence formation / Parallel structure
focus: Students must maintain parallel structure.
key: C
Choice C is the best answer because 「designing」 maintains parallelism with 「evaluating,」 「assessing,」 and 「improving.」
Choice A is not the best answer because 「they design」 does not maintain parallelism with 「evaluating,」 「assessing,」 and 「improving.」
Choice B is not the best answer because 「to design」 does not maintain parallelism with 「evaluating,」 「assessing,」 and 「improving.」
Choice D is not the best answer because 「design」 does not maintain parallelism with 「evaluating,」 「assessing,」 and 「improving.」
Question 10
content: Effective Language Use / Concision
focus: Students must improve the economy of expression.
key: D
Choice D is the best answer because it offers a clear and concise wording without redundancy.
Choice A is not the best answer because 「current」 is redundant with 「at this time.」
Choice B is not the best answer because 「current」 is redundant with 「right now.」
Choice C is not the best answer because 「now」 is redundant with 「currently.」
Question 11
content: Organization / Introductions, conclusions, and transitions
focus: Students must determine the most logical transitional word or phrase.
key: B
Choice B is the best answer because the transitional phrase 「For instance」 logically indicates that what follows provides an example related to the previous sentence. 「Representatives from the local public health department」 is an example of the kinds of people with whom transportation planners work.
Choice A is not the best answer because the transitional word 「Next」 indicates sequence, which is not logical given that what follows provides an example related to the previous sentence.
Choice C is not the best answer because the transitional word 「Furthermore」 indicates addition, which is not logical given that what follows provides an example related to the previous sentence.
Choice D is not the best answer because the transitional word 「Similarly」 indicates comparison or likeness, which is not logical given that what follows provides an example related to the previous sentence.
Question 12
content: Conventions of Punctuation / Nonrestrictive and parenthetical elements, Unnecessary punctuation
focus: Students must distinguish between restrictive/essential and nonrestrictive/nonessential sentence elements and avoid unneeded punctuation.
key: A
Choice A is the best answer because 「who pursue careers in transportation planning」 is, in context, a restrictive clause that should not be set off with punctuation. 「Who pursue careers in transportation planning」 is essential information defining who the 「people」 are.
Choice B is not the best answer because it incorrectly sets off the restrictive clause 「who pursue careers in transportation planning」 with commas as though the clause were nonrestrictive, or not essential to defining who the 「people」 are.
Choice C is not the best answer because it incorrectly sets off the essential sentence element 「in transportation planning」 with commas as though the phrase were not essential to the meaning of the sentence. 「In transportation planning」 is essential information defining what the 「careers」 are.
Choice D is not the best answer because it introduces an unnecessary comma after the word 「planning,」 incorrectly setting off the subject of the sentence (「people who pursue careers in transportation planning」) from the predicate (「have a wide variety of educational backgrounds」).
Question 13
content: Development / Quantitative information
focus: Students must evaluate text based on data presented graphically.
key: C
Choice C is the best answer because it completes the sentence with an accurate interpretation of data in the graph. The graph displays projections of how much growth in employment there is expected to be between 2010 and 2020 for 「social scientists and related workers,」 for 「urban and regional planners,」 and in 「all occupations」 in the U.S. economy. According to the graph, the employment of urban and regional planners is expected to increase 16 percent between 2010 and 2020.
Choice A is not the best answer because the data in the graph do not support the claim that 16 percent of new jobs in all occupations will be related to urban and regional planning.
Choice B is not the best answer because the data in the graph do not support the claim that job growth in urban and regional planning will slow to 14 percent by 2020.
Choice D is not the best answer because the data in the graph do not support the claim that 14 to 18 percent of urban and regional planning positions will remain unfilled.