本文是《英語詞彙專題系列》第17篇。
在漢語裡,有很多相近的字和詞語咱們很容易搞錯,比如《人民日報》就整理過450個高頻易錯的字/詞,自認為高中語文學得還可以,高考語文也考了893分(滿分900分)的我一眼看過去,光前20個我就覺得需要非常小心......
英語作為一種字母語言也是如此,有很多英語單詞即使是英語是母語的人也會搞錯,更不用提我們這些英語學習者了。本文就來看幾個例子:
1. affect vs. effect
affect是動詞,意思是「have an influence on」,比如:
His loud humming was affecting my ability to concentrate.
effect可以做名詞,意思是「a result or the power to produce a result」,比如:
The sound of the falling rain had a calming effect, nearly putting me to sleep.
也可以做動詞,意思是「bring about or execute」,比如:
The speaker's sombre tone effected a dampening in the general mood of the audience.
2. all right vs. alright
雖然很多人都會使用「alright」來代替「all right」,尤其在這個浮躁的網際網路時代,大家更是隨意亂用。但是根據字典,它不屬於「標準英語」,請記住下面這句話:
It's not 「all right」 to use「alright.」
3. beside vs. besides
beside 是介詞(preposition),意思是「next to」,比如:
Stand here beside me.
besides是副詞(adverb),意思是「also」,比如:
Besides, I need to tell you about the new products my company offers.
4. capital vs. capitol
capital的意思是「The city or town that is the seat of government」,也就是「省會」「首府」,當然也可以指「an accumulation of wealth」(資本)或者是「大寫字母」。
capitol則是「the building in which the legislative assembly meets」,大寫的Capitol特指美國的國會山。
5. complement vs. compliment
complement 可作動詞,可做名詞,意思是「something that completes or makes up a whole」,比如:
The red sweater is a perfect complement to the outfit.
compliment 也是可做名詞,可作動詞,意思是「an expression of praise or admiration」,比如:
I received compliments about my new outfit.
在過去,很多時候表示「admiration」是給別人送禮物,所以漸漸延伸出來「complimentary」的「free of charge」的意思。
6. comprise vs. compose
這兩個單詞不太好區分,請記住「the whole comprises the parts, and the parts compose the whole」這個原則,比如:
The board comprises five members.vs.Five members compose (or make up) the board.
當然也可以說:The board is composed (not comprised) of five members.
同時,compose也有作曲的意思。composer就是作曲家。
未完待續。