新東方網為同學們整理了雅思寫作素材：犯罪類，供考生參考學習。
1.先來說說犯罪份子該如何表達
criminals 名詞，罪犯(值得注意的是，該詞有形容詞性)。
offenders 名詞，罪犯，違法者。
convicts 名詞，罪犯，囚徒(前段時間很紅的一套書《囚徒健身》，「Convict Conditioning」)。
culprits 名詞，犯人。同時，本詞可以指的是被指控犯罪的人。
outlaws 名詞，罪犯，暴徒。也有動詞詞性，並且為及物動詞，譯為宣布某事為不合法。
suspect (criminal suspect)名詞，犯罪嫌疑人。其實，在法庭最終宣判之前，我們口中的罪犯多數情況下應該用這個詞表達，更為嚴謹。
prisoner 名詞，犯人，囚犯。
juvenile criminals 名詞，青少年罪犯。
minor criminals 名詞，未成年罪犯。
juvenile delinquent / juvenile offender 名詞，少年犯，或行為不端的青少年
值得注意的是，其實在雅思寫作犯罪類的話題中，未成年人犯罪往往是常見話題。因此後面幾個詞彙，需要大家重點掌握。
2.來說說犯罪這件事該如何表達，要注意詞性標註
commit a crime (commit crimes) 動賓，犯罪
violate the law / break the law 動賓，犯罪，違法
offend against the law 動賓，違法
violent crimes / non-violent crimes 形容詞+名詞，暴力犯罪/非暴力犯罪
delinquent behaviors / illegal acts / lawless behaviors形容詞+名詞，不法的行為
juvenile delinquency 名詞，特指青少年的不法行為
illegality 名詞，泛指所有違法行為。此外，immorality 名詞，指的是不道德的行為，其實近似於違法行為，但是略有區別。同理，副詞illegally和immorally也是類似的區別
wrongdoing / misconduct / delinquency 名詞，都是指的是行為不端
請見如下例文：(青少年違法之後應該如何被懲罰永遠是雅思考試的常見話題)
There is no denying that everyone should be punished due to his/her illegality, no matter how old he/she is. Notwithstanding, this does not imply that juvenile culprits should be treated as equally as adult prisoners. Juvenile detentions ought to be the place for those minor offenders instead of common jails, and besides juvenile suspects should be on trial in juvenile court where their right can be protected much better.
Juvenile convicts with violent crimes should be detained in juvenile detentions as they might be potential threats to our society, and on the other hand minor culprits with non-violent crimes can be punished with more flexibility such as being forced to do social work.
PS: Juvenile detentions 名詞，少管所
juvenile court 名詞，未成年人法庭
detain 及物動詞，羈押
3.犯罪率的表達方式
Crime rate / incident of crime
如何降低犯罪率，是經常在雅思寫作中被討論的話題。
Unbelievably high juvenile crime rate is plaguing many countries all over the world, and how to reduce it has become prime task for those governments for a long time.
4.rehabilitate criminals / reform criminals 動賓，改造罪犯
Main function of prisons is not only punishing culprits with locking them up but also rehabilitating them as everyone no matter what he/she has done deserves a second chance. 監獄的功能不僅是限制犯人的自由，還要給這些犯人提供一個改過自新的機會。
5.幾個導致青少年犯罪的原因如下：
Lack of moral education 名詞性，缺少德育教育(lack一詞在實際寫作中是考生們常犯錯誤的地方，請看後面的註解。)
Inappropriate parenting 名詞性，不恰當的家庭教育
Being exposed to misleading information from media 動名詞性質，暴露於媒體的誘導性信息
Lack of ability of telling right from wrong 名詞性，缺少辨別是非的能力
Blindly imitate what they often see or read in media 動賓結構，盲目模仿在媒體中看到的或者聽到的事物
PS： 關於lack
首先，可以是及物動詞。例如：With stress from exams, students lack enthusiasm on learning any kind of art.
其次，名詞，多用於詞組 be lack of / be lack in = be short of 例如：Generally speaking, high crime rate, to a great extent, can be attributed to lack of law enforcement capacity of police.
再次，lacking 形容詞，常用詞組 be lacking of / be lacking in 例如： Fresh graduates are usually lacking in working experience that is required badly on majority of job positions.
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