衢州市柯城區新華小學下村完小,距離城區有1小時的車程,距離省城杭州約250公裡。學校佔地面積並不大,但是環境優美、綠樹成蔭。三層教學樓裡,有電腦房、鋼琴房、多媒體教室,班上都配備了可升降課桌,學生可以根據自己的習慣來調整高度。每到下課的時候,學生還能免費喝上常溫的直飲水。操場北側是一座在村裡有著百年歷史的老宅子,當初在修建學校的時候,特意將它保留下來,裡面陳列著了古建築模型、農具實物、二十四節氣文藝作品等,讓學生感受原汁原味的「中國風」。
About 1 hour ride to Kecheng District of Quzhou and 250 kilometers from Hangzhou, Xiacun Primary School, affiliated to Xinhua Primary School, is not big but enjoys a beautiful environment of shading trees. In the three-story teaching building, there are computer rooms, piano rooms and multi-media classrooms. Every classroom is equipped with adjustable desks catering to the students』 needs and free drinking water is available during the class break. In the north of the playground stands a century-old house with ancient architectural models, farm tools and artistic works of 24 solar terms. This house is kept to help students exposed to the authentic Chinese flavors.
村民們說,學校現在是村子裡最漂亮的建築,一點也不遜色於城市學校。另一個讓他們感到滿意的是,城裡的名師也紛紛下鄉來這裡執教。這幾年,下村完小迎來了專職的英語、美術、體育、音樂老師,孩子們很快就愛上了唱歌、畫畫,有兩件作品還拿了國家大獎。早些年跑到城市學校上學的村裡孩子也紛紛轉學回到村子裡,在家門口讀書,享受不比城裡遜色的優質教學資源。
According to the villagers, the school is now the most beautiful building around and is as good as schools in cities. Another pleasant thing is that more and more star teachers from cities are working in the countryside. In recent years, full-time teachers of English, art, P.E and music have joined in Xiacun Primary School. These teachers help to develop students』 love for music and painting. As a result, 2 art works by the students have won national awards. More and more local children who used to study in cities return to the village school and enjoyi the high quality teaching resources not inferior to those of cities.
美麗的下村完小是浙江教育均衡發展的一個縮影。浙江陸域面積10萬平方公裡,「七山一水兩分田」。讓不同地區的孩子,都能享受到好校園、好教師,成為浙江教育追求的一個目標。
Zhejiang covers a land area of 100,000 square kilometers of which 70 percent are mountains, 10 percent water and the rest 20 percent farmland.The province has regarded it as a pursuit to provide good schools and teachers for every child in different regions. Xiacun Primary School just miniatures such efforts in realizing a balanced educational development in this province.
學生用數字實驗設備做物理實驗
硬體上,浙江通過學校標準化建設、農村薄弱學校改造、數字校園等工程,逐漸縮小了城鄉之間、學校之間的差距。以數字校園為例,所有的農村學校都配齊了網絡設備,多媒體班套比達到1∶1,計算機生機比達到4.5∶1,多媒體教學逐漸成為一種常態。
On the hardware facilities, Zhejiang is bridging the gap between different schools in urban and rural areas by building standard schools, renovating poor rural schools and advancing Digital Campus Program. Take the Digital Campus Program as an example, all rural schools in Zhejiang are now equipped with network and the ratio of multi-media classrooms to normal classrooms reaches 1 to 1 and the ratio of students and computers 4.5 to 1. All these have made multi-media teaching a 「normal」 in Zhejiang.
省農村中小學「領雁工程」省級骨幹授牌儀式
軟體上,浙江對3.5萬名農村骨幹教師進行培訓,然後讓他們回到學校帶動其他老師的成長。公辦義務教育學校教師、校長進行交流,校長在同一學校連續任職達到10年、教師在同一學校連續任教達到12年,納入交流對象範圍。這就意味著,優秀的校長和教師可以在不同學校間流動。
On software facilities, Zhejiang is implementing a training program for 35,000 teachers in rural areas, hoping these teachers can help the development of their colleagues when they finish the training and return to their schools. It also introduces into public schools at compulsory education level an exchange mechanism of teachers and principals. Principals serving for 10 consecutive years or teachers working for 12 years,in a single school will be exchanged among different schools.
農民工子女參加暑期「快樂驛站」主題活動
浙江教育,是中國教育快速發展的一個縮影。浙江是全國最早全面推進義務教育均衡發展的省份之一。2015年6月,浙江省所有縣(市、區)全部通過國家義務教育發展基本均衡縣認定,進入全國首批5個獲得全面評估認定的省市行列。
Education in Zhejiang is also the epitome of the speedy development of education in China. Zhejiang is among the first provinces nationwide to advance comprehensively balanced educational development in compulsory education. By June 2015, all the counties, county-level cities and city districts in Zhejiang have been certified as National Units of Balanced Educational Development in Compulsory Education, ranking Zhejiang among the first 5 provinces and municipalities to pass the assessment.
雷文軍是麗水市松陽縣雅溪小學二年級學生,因為母親早逝,父親靠打工為生,家庭條件比較困難,各項支出都要精打細算。唯獨讓他們寬心的是,孩子的讀書不花錢。
Lei Wenjun, a Grade 2 student at Yaxi Primary School in Songyang County, Lishui, comes from a poor family. His family lives on a quite tight budget because his mother died early and his father earns low salary as a migrant worker. What they feel relieved is Lei’s schooling is free.
學生吃上了「愛心營養餐」
按照浙江的政策,從小學一年級到初中三年級這9年裡,雷文軍的學雜費、課本費、作業本費、住宿費、水電費全免。受益於「愛心營養餐」工程,雷文軍的午餐費也免去,個人只要交納早餐和晚餐每日6.5元人民幣,相當於一天早晚兩餐僅1美元,比一個麥當勞的漢堡包還要便宜。校長包旭陽告訴記者,還有慈善總會、希望工程、社會愛心人士給予小雷這樣的貧困生很多資助,「沒有經濟上的擔憂,他可以安安心心在學校上學了。」
According to educational policies in Zhejiang, Lei Wenjun doesn’t have to pay for tuition, textbooks, exercise books, boarding or utilities in his 9 years』 study from grade 1 in primary school to grade 3 in junior middle school. Thanks to the Nutritious Meal of Love Project, Lei’s lunch is free and he only pays 6.5 Yuan (1$) for his breakfast and supper, which is even cheaper than a hamburger sold at Mcdonald’s. His principal Bao Xuyang told the reporters that donations are also made to poor students like Lei Wenjun from China Charity, the Hope Project and caring people. 「He has no financial worries in schooling, and he can concentrate on his study.」 Bao said.
校園熱水工程讓冬天不再寒冷
據了解,為確保沒有一名學生因家庭經濟困難而失學,浙江率先在中國省區中免收城鄉義務教育階段學生學雜費、學生課本費和作業本費,全部免除了農村義務教育階段寄宿生住宿費;從2005年到2014年,累計投入愛心營養餐資金14.5億元,讓352萬人次中小學生吃上了「愛心營養餐」。
To ensure that no student is kept out school due to financial difficulty, Zhejiang took the lead in the whole nation to exempt all students at compulsory education level from paying for tuition, textbooks and exercise books. Boarding is also free for students at this level in rural areas. From 2005 to 2014, the government spent a total of 1.45 billion Yuan on Nutritious Meal of Love Project, which benefits 3.52 million students.
王曉、王虹是一對雙胞胎姐妹,非常喜歡藝術,分別考入了兩所中國國內的藝術類大學,並且得到了省裡對她們的資助。這對姐妹激動地說:「最大的願望是好好讀書,好好創作,早點為家裡分擔壓力。」
Wang Xiao and Wang Hong are twins and they both like art. After being admitted to 2 art universities, they get financial support from the province. 「Our wish is to study hard in college and to create good art works so we can take some load off of the family.」 they said.
貧困大學新生資助儀式
「如果困難學生學習努力,完全可以通過國家資助順利完成學業。」浙江省學生資助管理中心相關負責人表示,浙江省就讀的家庭經濟困難大學新生,可憑鄉鎮以上民政部門開具的家庭經濟困難證明,在學校報到時通過綠色通道申請緩交學費,先辦理入學手續。在校期間,可以申請相關的助學補助。如果是殘疾學生,還可以享受學費全免。
「It is no doubt that poor students can finish their education with aid from the country if they study hard.」 An official with Zhejiang Provincial Student Aid Center is cited as saying. By providing valid documents, poor college students can apply for deferment of payment of tuition through green channel and get registered. During the college years, they can apply for relevant subsidies. What’s more, the disabled students are exempted from all tuitions.
馬麥莎是台州市橫湖小學五年級的一名普通學生,今年開學來,她覺得上課這件事變得不一樣了。作文課不再是寫作文,變成了說作文。數學課不再只是公式和計算,而是讓同學們自由討論「1億有多大?」「現在上課變得有意思了,課程種類很多,我能按照自己的興趣來選擇。」馬麥莎說,她現在每天都會很期待來學校上課。
Ma Maisha is a Grade 5 student at Henghu Primary School in Taizhou. When school starts this year, she finds classes become different. In writing class, students are no longer required simply to write compositions, instead, the teacher asks them to say a composition. Maths class is not all about formulas and calculation now. The teacher encourages them to discuss the question like 「What is 100 million?」 「Classes become more interesting now, and the school offers us many classes and I can choose according to my interests. I look forward to going to school every day.」 she said.
學生在勞動實踐基地採楊梅
一直以來,浙江的教育改革走在中國省區前列。從2012年開始,一項以「選擇性」為指導思想的教育改革從高中啟幕。必修課學分從116分減至96分,選修課學分從28分增至48分,同時實現走班教學。此後,類似的改革也在中職學校和義務段學校展開。
Zhejiang has always been at the forefront of educational reforms in China. In 2012, a reform with choices as orientation started in senior high schools in Zhejiang. The credits of compulsory courses are reduced from 116 to 96 while optional courses increased from 28 to 48 and classified teaching begins to be practiced. These approaches are also introduced into vocational schools and schools of compulsory education.
學習民間傳統藝術「跳竹馬」
在杭州綠城育華學校「西點烘焙」課上,記者看到了各種烘焙工具,學生們正認真地做著蘋果派。像這樣受歡迎的選修課,學校還有很多,比如木雕、釀酒、茶藝,等等。在青田中學,每周一上午第一節課,高二學生潘君鵬走進語文B班,這裡多是基礎在中下的學生,老師講的知識點非常清晰,易於學生掌握。第二節課潘君鵬換到英語A班,那裡的學生都是「高手」,老師上課進度很快,提出的問題也難了很多。
Students are making apple pies in the baking class of Hangzhou Greentown Yuhua School. Many schools offer classes popular among students, such as wood carving, wine brewing and tea art. In Qingtian Senior High School, every Monday morning in the first class, Pan Junpeng, a Grade 2 student, will join class B of Chinese where students like him are of or below the average in this subject and the teacher explains clearly in class so as to make knowledge easy to be understood. In the second class, Pan will go to class A of English where his classmates are good at English and questions from the teacher in this class are more challenging.
浙江還是中國高考和招生制度改革的先行者。浙江推出「三位一體」招生改革,即高校按照考生的高考成績、學業水平測試成績和高校綜合測試(面試)成績三項綜合在一起錄取考生。今年,中國的8所高水平大學在浙江招了1200多名學生。其中不乏清華、北大等頂尖大學。
Zhejiang is also a pioneer in reforming college entrance exam and enrollment system. It has introduced the 「trinity system」 to admit college students by combining National College Entrance Exam, candidates』 performance evaluation in high school and interviews by the colleges. In 2016, China’s 8 top universities including Qinghua University and Peking University admit around 1,200 students in Zhejiang.
考生在「三位一體」測試中展示舞蹈特長
浙江是中國高考綜合改革兩個試點省市之一。從2017年開始,浙江高考不再分文理科,實行統一高考與高中學考、必考科目與選考科目相結合。除語文、數學、外語3門是統一必考科目外,考生可在政治、歷史、地理、物理、化學、生物、技術7門高中學業水平考試科目中,自主選擇3門作為高考選考科目。
Zhejiang is among the 2 pilot provinces and municipalities in comprehensive reform of National College Entrance Exam. From 2017, the division of students into different tracks in high schools will be cancelled. Students can choose any 3 elective subjects from politics, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology and information technology. Colleges will then admit students on the basis of the scores of the 3 subjects as well as their test results in Chinese, maths and English.
浙江高職提前招生實行一檔多投、雙向互動選擇,在高考前錄取。考生可同時被多所高校或同一所高校不同專業(類)擬錄取和備錄取。考生可選定其中1所高校專業(類)作為錄取結果。
Multiple measures have also been adopted in vocational college admission.Vocational Colleges are able to recuruit students before the National College Entrance Exam. Students can be pre-admitted by more than one college or more than one major and choose final admission result on his own decision.
一年前,美國印第安納州的教師訪問團來到杭州拱墅區考察了3所學校。他們此行目的很明確,是來中國取經的。訪問團團長說:「中國的數學教學是最優秀的,我們要做最優秀的,就要向第一名學。」
One year ago, a teachers』 delegation from Indiana, USA visited 3 schools in Gongshu District, Hangzhou City. Their purpose was to learn from their Chinese counterparts especially in Maths teaching. 「Maths teaching in China is the best. If we want to be the best, we should learn from the best.」 the delegation head said.
學生進行植物克隆實驗
浙江的學生有多優秀?2009年,在包括美國、日本、新加坡等國家在內的PISA(國際學生評估項目)測試中,作為中國區的一員,論成績參加試測的浙江中學生在65個參賽國家和地區裡,數學素養、科學素養成績排第二,閱讀素養成績排第六。2012年,同樣作為中國區的一員,參加PISA測試的浙江中學生在65個參賽國家和地區裡,閱讀、數學、科學素養成績均排第二。浙江參加測試的學生,八成來自農村中學。
Look at our students』 performance. In 2009, students from 65 countries and regions including USA, Japan and Singapore attended PISA Test by OECD .Students from Zhejiang ranked second in maths and science and sixth in reading. In 2012, students from Zhejiang ranked second in reading, maths and science. It should be noted that 80 percent of students attending the test were from rural schools.
李響,30多歲的浙江大學畢業生。他創辦的公司發明了智能可穿戴近視防控設備「雲夾」,可以提醒閱讀者矯正姿勢、調整距離,也能記錄下監測數據。他說,希望到2025年能夠幫助1億人提升視力能力或體驗。
Li Xiang, a Zhejiang University graduate in his thirties, established a company and invented wearable intelligent equipment 「cloud clip」 to prevent and control nearsightedness. It can remind readers of correcting their reading postures andadjusting reading distance. The monitoring data can also be recorded. Li hopes that his invention will help 100 million people improve their eyesight and reading experiences by the year of 2025.
作為浙江最頂尖的大學之一,近幾年來,浙江大學教育質量和科研水平躋身中國最前列。浙江大學發明專利申請量和授權量一直處在全國前列。至2015年底,浙大共有有效發明專利7000餘件,授權量居中國第一。
As a top university in Zhejiang, Zhejiang University is among the forefront in recent years both in education quality and scientific research. In recent years, the number of invention applications and patent licensing in Zhejiang University has ranked top nationwide. By the end of 2015, Zhejiang University has obtained more than 7,000 inventions and patents, which holds a leading position in China.
汽車噴漆項目冠軍 楊金龍
楊金龍,23歲的杭州技師學院教師。他對噴漆技術到了近乎痴迷的程度,常常為了攻克一個難題而在實訓車間待到凌晨。在巴西聖保羅第43屆世界技能大賽上,楊金龍摘得汽車噴漆項目的金牌,實現了中國零的突破。他說,以前的手工藝人都是工匠,我們這代人要把這種精神給找回來。
Yang Jinglong, a 23-year- old teacher of Hangzhou Technicians College, devotes himself to spray-painting. He often stays in the training workshop until early morning in order to break down a technical barrier. In the 43rd World Skills Competition held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Yang Jinglong won the gold medal in automobile spray-painting, the first time for Chinese technicians to get this award. He said: 「In the past, those who produced handmade products were called craftsmen, and we are now bringing back the craftsmanship spirit of striving for the best.」
創業大學生在創意園裡工作
目前,浙江高校學生自主創業率已經超過5%。1/5的中等職業學校實行現代學徒制,中職生的就業率保持在97%以上。
Presently in Zhejiang, more than 5 percent of college students choose to start their businesses after graduation, one fifth of secondary vocational schools adopt modern apprenticeship and more than 97 percent of graduates of secondary vocational schools get employed.
中國有7所中外合作大學,浙江就佔了2所。
Of the 7 Sino-foreign cooperative universities in China, there are 2 in Zhejiang.
寧波諾丁漢大學,中國第一所具有獨立校園、獨立法人資格的中外合作大學。學校的設計,跟英國諾大思路一致,風格一樣——地大、樓稀、人少;有環繞主樓的湖泊、穿流而過的小河、植被豐富的溼地。學校採用英國諾丁漢大學教材,實行全英文授課,外籍教師逾八成,學生能夠享受海外學習項目,並通過一些國際學生組織從事實習和公益活動,足跡遍布各大洲。
As the first Sino-foreign cooperative university in China with an independent campus and an independent legal entity, University of Nottingham Ningbo is in line with its campus in UK both in layout and styles. The university covers a vast land area but has a few buildings and not too many people. It has a lake surrounding the main building, streams winding through the campus and wet land rich with vegetation. All the textbooks are directly introduced from University of Nottingham UK, lectures are given in English and 80 percent of teachers are from abroad. Students have access to various overseas study programs and they can also participate in practice and public services through international organizations of students.
肯恩大學學生在招生諮詢會上現場答疑
溫州肯恩大學90%以上的課程從美國肯恩大學引進,採用美國原版教材,90%以上的教師由美國肯恩大學選派或全球招聘。金融專業鄭昊男對學校的評價是,教學是開放性的,學生要用批判性的思維去學習和解題。「我要說,這太棒了,正是我想像中的高等教育!」
Kean University, Wenzhou introduces more than 90 percent of its courses from Kean University, USA, and uses original American teaching materials. More than 90 percent of teachers are assigned by Kean University, USA or hired globally. Zheng Haonan, a finance major, has the following words for his university 「Kean is open and it requires critical thinking to learn and solve problems. I think it is great and it is the higher education that I have imagined.」
對於中國學生來說,不用出國留學,就能在家門口讀「洋大學」。對於外國留學生來說,也是一個了解中國文化的好機會。Joseph Healy(約瑟夫·希利),澳大利亞國民銀行集團商業銀行總裁,現在他是寧波諾丁漢大學「當代中國研究」的研究生。他說:「過去十年,中國和澳大利亞間的聯繫不斷加強,很多的中國人在澳大利亞投資。我希望來這裡真正地了解中國社會、文化、經濟,這有助於我們為客戶提供高質量的投資建議。」
For Chinese students, they can study in a foreign university without going abroad. For foreign students, Sino-foreign universitiess offer them a chance to know China and its culture. Joseph Healey, a commercial bank president of National Australia Bank Co. Ltd, is now a post-graduate student of Contemporary China Study in University of Nottingham, Ningbo. He said: 「In the past 10 years, the ties between China and Australia have been strengthened and more and more Chinese are investing in Australia. I hope by coming here, I can have a closer look at the society, culture and economy of China and my experience here will contribute to better suggestions for our clients.」
留學生向中國同學介紹自己製作的手工藝品
為吸引外國學生來浙江留學,每年浙江設立了2000萬元的政府獎學金。2015年在浙江高校學習的外國留學生超過2.5萬人,其中學歷生佔45%。有中文名叫「古勝琳」的俄羅斯美女在浙江工商大學留學,她說,「爸爸告訴我,要想將來在亞洲工作生活,一定要學好漢語。中國非常美,我很喜歡。」
To attract more international students to study in Zhejiang, the provincial government invests 20 million Yuan in scholarships every year. In 2015, more than 25 thousand international students studied in higher education institutions in Zhejiang, of which 45 percent are for degrees. A Russian girl with Gu Shenglin as her Chinese name is now studying in Zhejiang Gongshang University. She said: 「My father once told me that if I want to live and work in Asia, I should learn Chinese well. Besides, China is a very beautiful country, I like it very much.」
與外教快樂互動
2010年,浙江實施了「千校結好」行動。據統計,浙江中小學已在世界五大洲近30個國家及港澳臺地區,與國(境)外共建了1300多對友好學校關係。
In 2010, Zhejiang implemented A Thousand Sister School Program. According to statistics, over 1300 primary and secondary schools in Zhejiang have established sister-school relationship with their counterparts in 30 countries and regions.