生物谷：對於中風的研究能幫助我們更進一步了解左右側大腦所起到的不同作用。由Exeter大學科學家進行的研究顯示，人類完成一些基本技能的能力取決於他們的左側或右側大腦是否受到中風的損傷。研究還確認了右側大腦在注意力以及更正錯誤方面的作用。
研究主要分析了大腦前部一個負責語言、決策以及學習的區域——額葉。小組發現左側額葉受傷的病人更多的能意識到他們犯的錯誤，並且更正。而右側額葉受傷的人則很難做到。這一研究結果發表在最新的
Brain上。
來自Exeter大學的神經心理學家Tim Hodgson博士是項目負責人，他說：「我們知道發生在左側額葉的中風將導致語言能力受損，但是這一研究首次證明，右側額葉受損的病人或許將在日常生活中受到更大影響。」
有23名額葉受損的病人參與了測試，他們被要求完成一項任務。所有參與者在完成任務過程中都犯了錯誤，但是那些右側額葉受損的病人無法找出錯誤並且做出相應的調整。左側額葉受損的病人更正了68%的錯誤，右側受損病人則僅僅為30%。
Hodgson表示：「這一結果證明，右側大腦負責分析我們的行為，然後在我們犯下錯誤的時候提示我們注意。這種機制在很多情況下都非常關鍵。例如，在做飯的過程中，人們需要同時注意多項任務，並且保證其中每一項任務都能在正確的時間內正確的完成。」（援引教育部科技發展中心）
英文
原文連結：http://www.physorg.com/news100750636.html原始出處:
Brain Advance Access originally published online on April 23, 2007
Brain 2007 130(6):1525-1537; doi:10.1093/brain/awm064
Tim Hodgson1, Marcia Chamberlain2, Benjamin Parris1, Martin James3, Nicholas Gutowski3, Masud Husain4 and Christopher Kennard2
1Exeter Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4QG, 2Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College School of Science Technology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charing Cross Campus, 10th Floor East Wing, St Dunstans Road, London W6 8RP, 3Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW and 4Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
Corresponding to: Tim Hodgson, Exeter Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK E-mail: t.l.hodgson@exeter.ac.uk
It has been proposed that the inferior/ventrolateral frontal cortex plays a critical role in the inhibitory control of action during cognitive tasks. However, the contribution of this region to the control of eye movements has not been clearly established. Here, we describe the performance of a group of 23 frontal lobe damaged patients in an oculomotor rule switching task for which the association between a centrally presented visual cue and the direction of a saccade could change from trial to trial. A subset of 16 patients also completed the standard antisaccade task. Ventrolateral damage was found to be a significant predictor of errors in both tasks. Analysis of the rate at which patients corrected errors in the rule switching task also revealed an important dissociation between left and right hemisphere damaged patients. Whilst patients with left ventrolateral damage usually corrected response errors with secondary saccades, those with right hemisphere lesions often failed to do so. The results suggest that the inferior frontal cortex forms part of a wider frontal network mediating inhibitory control over stimulus elicited eye movements. The critical role played by the right ventrolateral region in cognitive tasks may arise due to an additional functional specialization for the monitoring and updating of task rules.
Key Words: executive control; eye tracking; antisaccades; task switching; frontal lobe
Abbreviations: DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; FEF, frontal eye fields; VLF, ventrolateral frontal
Received November 12, 2006. Revised February 20, 2007. Accepted March 8, 2007.
全文連結：http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/130/6/1525
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