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英國歷史人物介紹：維多利亞女王（雙語）
2013-08-09 22:53
來源：滬江英語
作者：
維多利亞女王簡介
維多利亞女王 Alexandrina Victoria (1819.5.24—1901.1.22) 是英國歷史上在位時間最長的君主，在位時間長達64年。她也是第一個以「大不列顛和愛爾蘭聯合王國女王和印度女皇」名號稱呼的英國君主。她在位的64年期間(1837-1901年)是英國最強盛的所謂「日不落帝國」時期。她統治時期，英國歷史上稱為「維多利亞時代」，英國加大侵略擴張力度，在世界範圍內建立和佔領了無數殖民地。她在位的60餘年正值英國自由資本主義由方興未艾到鼎盛、進而過渡到壟斷資本主義的轉變時期，經濟、文化空前繁榮，君主立憲製得到充分發展，使維多利亞女王成了英國和平與繁榮的象徵。
Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India.
Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne at the age of 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died leaving no legitimate, surviving children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the Sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments. Publicly, she became a national icon, and was identified with strict standards of personal morality.
Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.
（兼職編輯：張博）
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