* 用英語來理解和學習英語是最好的方式，這一系列的文章力求幫助大家在英語閱讀能力上有所提升；* 推薦的閱讀的方法是：先原文，適當看解析閱讀，實在不行再看雙語對照。* 解析中英語單詞的音標使用Dictcom和IPA雙音標標註，如果需要了解Dictcom音標，請參看我們的《dictionary.com所用的音標體系》一文。
今天的主題是了解一下怎麼說別人「不成熟」。
【解析閱讀】
is there a noun to define an immature person?—— noun 名詞 [noun][nan] n. 名詞—— define 動詞原形 [dih-'fahyn][d'fan] v. 規定；限定；定義；解釋—— immature 形容詞 ['im-uh-'choor, -'toor, -'tyoor, -'chur][m'tj] adj. 不成熟的
A brat.—— brat 名詞 [brat][brt] n. 乳臭未乾的小孩；頑童
Lots.
Child, youth, juvenile, adolescent, kid, minor, youngster, the list goes on.—— youth 名詞 [yooth][juθ] n. 青年時期；青春；青年—— juvenile 形容詞 ['joo-vuh-nl, -nahyl]['duvnal] adj. 青少年的；幼稚的 n. 青少年；青少年讀物；幼雛；扮演少年的演員—— adolescent 形容詞 [ad-l-'es-uhnt][d'lesnt] adj. 青春期的；青少年的 n. 青少年—— kid 名詞 [kid][kd] n. 小孩；年輕人；小山羊；小山羊皮製品 vi. (山羊等)下崽；捉弄 vt. 開玩笑；哄騙；嘲弄 adj. 較年幼的—— minor 形容詞 ['mahy-ner]['man] adj. 輕微的；較小的；次要的 n. 未成年人；輔修科目；[音]小調 v. 輔修—— youngster 名詞 ['yuhng-ster]['jst] n. 年青人；少年；小夥子；兒童；幼小動物—— list 名詞 [list][lst] n. 目錄；名單；明細表
Yes, but which noun to use depends on the situation or how immature you want to describe the person.—— depends 原型：depend 動詞一般現在時（第三人稱單數） [dih-'pend][d'pend] vi. 依賴；依靠；取決於—— situation 名詞 [sich-oo-'ey-shuhn][stu'en] n. 形勢；局面；位置；職位；處境；狀況—— describe 動詞原形 [dih-'skrahyb][d'skrab] vt. 描述；說成；形容
The simplest is just calling them a child or a baby.—— simplest 原型：simple 形容詞最高級 ['sim-puhl]['smpl] adj. 簡單的；樸素的；單純的；笨的—— calling 原型：call 動詞現在進行式或動名詞 [kawl][kl] vt. 呼叫；打電話；把 ...稱為 n. 打電話；訪問；召喚；呼叫；把 ... 看作 vi. 呼叫；(短暫的)拜訪—— baby 語氣詞 ['bey-bee]['bebi] n. 嬰兒；寶貝兒；孩子氣的人 adj. 嬰兒的；小型的
You could also call them a juvenile, but it's really not used very often.
If you want to be pleasant, or nice, you could call him or her a goofball or a goof.—— pleasant 形容詞 ['plez-uhnt]['pleznt] adj. 令人愉快的；討人歡喜的；舒適的；宜人的—— goofball 名詞 ['goof-bawl]['ɡufbl] n. <俚>鎮靜劑 n. 傻瓜； 白痴—— goof 名詞 [goof][ɡuf] n. 愚蠢的人；愚蠢的錯誤 v. 閒混；犯錯誤；做蠢事；把 ... 弄得一團糟
It means they are silly.—— silly 形容詞 ['sil-ee]['sli] adj. 愚蠢的；瑣屑的；可笑的；犯暈的 n. （通常指小孩子）淘氣鬼；傻孩子
I can be nice or mean.
—— mean 在這裡是無趣的意思
If you say it strongly or in a negative way, it means they are someone that you shouldn't take seriously.—— strongly 副詞 ['strawng-lee, 'strong][strli] adv. 強有力地；堅強地；激烈地；氣味濃地—— negative 形容詞 ['neg-uh-tiv]['neɡtv] adj. 否定的；消極的；負面的；負的 n. 否定；反面意見；底片；[數]負數 vt. 否定—— seriously 副詞 ['seer-ee-uhs-lee]['srisli] adv. 嚴肅地；認真地；嚴重地
If they are immature and stupid, you could call them a simpleton or a fool.—— stupid 形容詞 ['stoo-pid, 'styoo]['stjupd] adj. 愚蠢的；笨拙的；無聊的；乏味的 n. 傻瓜—— simpleton 名詞 ['sim-puhl-tuhn]['smpltn] n. 笨蛋；傻子—— fool 名詞 [fool][ful] n. 傻瓜；小丑；奶油果蓉 v. 愚弄；欺騙；開玩笑；幹蠢事
I wouldn't call someone a punk.—— punk 名詞 [puhngk][pk] n. <口>阿飛；小混混，小流氓
In the past it was more common.
It's a word my grandfather would use, and is really only used for men.—— 此句式為 it + be + 名詞 + that從句。其中that從句為句子真正的主語，it為形式主語。如：It's a shame (that) you're sick. 真遺憾你病了。—— grandfather 名詞 ['gran-fah-ther, 'grand-]['ɡrnfɑ] n. (外)祖父
Today, a punk has much more negative meanings.—— meanings 原型：meaning 名詞複數形式 ['mee-ning]['min] n. 意義；含義；重要性；價值 adj. 意味深長的
It's someone who is criminal or mean, and untrustworthy.—— criminal 形容詞 ['krim-uh-nl]['krmnl] n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的；刑事的；違法的—— untrustworthy 形容詞 ['truhst-wur-thee][n'trstwi] adj. 靠不住的；不能信賴的
In prison, it means someone who is weak and easily used.—— prison 名詞 ['priz-uhn]['przn] n. 監獄；監禁 vt. 囚禁；關入監獄—— weak 形容詞 [week][wik] adj. 弱的；虛弱的；無力的；差的；淡薄的—— easily 副詞 ['ee-zuh-lee, 'eez-lee]['izli] adv. 容易地；無疑地；很可能地
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You could be informal and call someone a punk.—— informal 形容詞 [in-'fawr-muhl][n'fml] adj. 非正式的；不拘形式的
I personally feel you can be immature without being a punk.—— personally 副詞 ['pur-suh-nl-ee]['psnli] adv. 就個人而言；親自地；個別地；作為個人；有私交地
I wouldn't say punk is a good noun for immature, maybe "child" would be better.—— maybe 副詞 ['mey-bee]['mebi] adv. 或許；也許；可能
Calling someone childish is similar to calling someone immature—— childish 形容詞 ['chahyl-dish]['tald] adj. 孩子氣的；幼稚的
it's very common to call someone "a child" when they're being immature, though it's a metaphor—— metaphor 名詞 ['met-uh-fawr, -fer]['metf] n. 象徵；隱喻
Immature, in what way?—— Immature 原型：immature 形容詞 ['im-uh-'choor, -'toor, -'tyoor, -'chur][m'tj] adj. 不成熟的
Physically?—— Physically 原型：physically 副詞 ['fiz-ik-lee]['fzkli] adv. 身體上地；實際上
Mentally?—— Mentally 原型：mentally 副詞 ['men-tl-ee]['mentli] adv. 精神上；智力上；心理上
Psychologically?—— Psychologically 原型：psychologically 副詞 [sahy-kuh-'loj-i-kuhl][sak'ldkli] adv. 精神上地；心理上地
If it's one of the latter, historically, the word "fool" might suffice.—— latter 名詞 ['lat-er]['lt] adj. 後者的；近來的；後面的；較後的—— historically 副詞 [hi-'stawr-i-kuhl, -'stor-][h'strkli] adv. 歷史上地—— suffice 動詞原形 [suh-'fahys, -'fahyz][s'fas] vi. 足夠；使滿足 vt. 使 ... 足夠
【雙語對照】
is there a noun to define an immature person?—— 有名詞來形容不成熟的人嗎？
A brat.—— 小鬼。
Lots.—— 太多了。
Child, youth, juvenile, adolescent, kid, minor, youngster, the list goes on.—— 孩子，年輕人，青少年，青少年，孩子，未成年人，年輕人，名單還可以繼續……。
Yes, but which noun to use depends on the situation or how immature you want to describe the person.—— 是的，但是用哪個名詞取決於你想描述這個人的情況或者你想描述他有多不成熟。
The simplest is just calling them a child or a baby.—— 最簡單的方法就是叫他們孩子。
You could also call them a juvenile, but it's really not used very often.—— 你也可以稱他們為少年，但實際上並不經常使用。
If you want to be pleasant, or nice, you could call him or her a goofball or a goof.—— 如果你想討人喜歡或和善，你可以叫他或她傻瓜或傻瓜。
It means they are silly.—— 這意味著他們很傻。
I can be nice or mean.—— 我可以是好的，也可以是壞的。
If you say it strongly or in a negative way, it means they are someone that you shouldn't take seriously.—— 如果你說得強烈或消極，這意味著他們是你不應該認真對待的人。
If they are immature and stupid, you could call them a simpleton or a fool.—— 如果他們不成熟和愚蠢，你可以稱他們為傻瓜或傻瓜。
I wouldn't call someone a punk.—— 我不會叫別人小流氓。
In the past it was more common.—— 在過去，這種情況更為普遍。
It's a word my grandfather would use, and is really only used for men.—— 這是我祖父會用的一個詞，實際上只用於男人。
Today, a punk has much more negative meanings.—— 今天，punk有更多的負面意義。
It's someone who is criminal or mean, and untrustworthy.—— 是一個犯罪或卑鄙，不值得信任的人。
In prison, it means someone who is weak and easily used.—— 在監獄裡，這意味著一個軟弱易用的人。
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You could be informal and call someone a punk.—— 你可以隨便一點，叫別人punk。
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I personally feel you can be immature without being a punk.—— 我個人覺得你不做punk也可以不成熟。
I wouldn't say punk is a good noun for immature, maybe "child" would be better.—— 我不會說punk是不成熟的好名詞，也許「孩子」會更好。
Calling someone childish is similar to calling someone immature—— 稱某人幼稚就好像稱某人不成熟
it's very common to call someone "a child" when they're being immature, though it's a metaphor—— 當一個人不成熟的時候，稱他為「孩子」是很常見的，儘管這是一個比喻
Immature, in what way?—— 不成熟，以什麼方式？
Physically?—— 身體上？
Mentally?—— 精神上？
Psychologically?—— 心理上？
If it's one of the latter, historically, the word "fool" might suffice.—— 如果是後者之一，從歷史上看，「傻瓜」一詞可能就足夠了。