比我差的人還沒放棄,比我好的人仍在努力,我就更沒資格說,我無能為力!
People worse than me haven't given up, people better than me are still working hard, and I'm not qualified to say, I can't do anything!
在上面的這句話中,anything就是不定代詞,在這裡指的是無能為力的意思。那麼什麼是不定代詞呢?它都是有哪些呢?又分別是怎麼用的呢,接下來咱們一起進行學習。
一、什麼是不定代詞
不定代詞,是英語語法術語,在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。不定代詞共分兩類:一類是兼做代詞和限定詞的, 如:all,another,both,each,either,many,much,neither,以及few,little等;另一類由any/ every/ no/ some後加-body,-one,-thing構成的複合不定代詞,如:anyone,everybody,something 等。
二、不定代詞的句法功能
不定代詞既有名詞的功能,也有形容詞的功能。大多數不定代詞在句中可做主語,賓語,表語,同位語和定語。例如:
Something must be wrong with my brain. 我腦子一定出問題了。[做主語]
He want to do anything. 他什麼都想做 [做賓語]
The risk is as nothing compared to the gain. 所冒風險與所得相比不足掛齒。 [做表語]
We all passed the science exam. 我們都通過了考試 [做同位語]
三、不定代詞的用法
(一)one的用法
one泛指上文出現過的同類異物的單數可數名詞,既可指人,也可指物;既可單獨使用,也可放在可數名詞單數的前面做定語。其所有格形式為one’s,複數形式是ones。
(1)單獨使用時,泛指「人」「一個人」「人們」。
One can not succeed unless one tries hard. 除非努力,否則不可能成功。
注意:one也可用this, that, any, some, each, the next, every, which等修飾。
(2)one表示具體的「一個人或物」
-- Give me a glass?
-- Which one?
-- The one on the shelf.
(二) some 和any的用法
當不知或不能確定數量,只表示「一些,若干」時,用some或any,兩者既可用作代詞,也可用作限定詞(後接名詞)。
(1)some和any表示不定數量的「一些」,既可修飾可數名詞,也可修飾不可數名詞,some一般用於肯定句中,any多用於疑問句,否定句和條件句中。例如:
There is some water in the bottle.
He hasn't got any wine.
Have you got any money with you? If you have any, please lend me some.
(2)some有時也用於疑問句中,表示邀請,或說話人希望對方給予肯定的回答或設想對方作出肯定的回答。any也可用於肯定句中,表示「任何的」或「任何一些」。例如:
Would you like some apples?
You can choose any dress you like.
(3)some有時可修飾可數名詞單數,表示「某個」。
Some girl is waiting for you at the school gate.
(4)any可用作狀語,表程度。例如:
I can't stay here any longer.
(三)each和every的用法
(1)each和every的用法區別
Each of the students will get a new book.(作主語)
The headmaster shook hands with each of us after the game.(作賓語)
We each have our own problems.(作同位語)
Each child will find his own personal road to success.(作定語)
Every dog has its day. 人人皆有得意時。(作定語)
注意:each強調個體,做主語,賓語,定語,同位語,指兩者或兩者以上的「每個」, 謂語動詞用單數,可以和of搭配。every強調整體,只做定語,指「三者或三者以上的每個」,不可以和of搭配。
(四)both和all的用法
all 表示「三者或三者以上」,與none和no one是反義詞,指代或修飾可數名詞複數或不可數名詞。both表示「兩者都」,一般只能修飾或指代可數名詞複數。兩者在句中可做主語,賓語,定語和同位語等。例如:
All of us love Chinese food.(作主語)
She asked both of them to leave the city.(作賓語)
We all agreed the doctor’s conclusion.(作同位語)
(五) many和much的用法
(1)many只修飾可數名詞複數 ,much只修飾不可數名詞 。兩者在句中可做主語,賓語,表語或定語。many做主語時,謂語動詞用複數;much做主語時,謂語動詞用單數。例如:
Many hands make light work.人多好辦事。(作定語)
There isn’t much rain every year here.(作定語)
You can't eat too much at a time.(作賓語)
(2)many of+複數名詞做主語謂語動詞用複數形式;
much of+不可數名詞做主語謂語動詞用單數形式。
Many of the young people will be meeting them at the station tomorrow.
Much of the furniture in the store is made of wood.
(六)either 和neither的用法
(1)either指「兩個人或物中的任何一個」,表示肯定意義;neither指「兩個人或物中一個也不,兩者都不」,表示 否定意義。這兩個詞都可以在句中做主語,賓語或定語。例如:
--Which would you like, coffee or tea?
--Either is OK. (做主語)
(2)either 和 neither用作代詞時,可以單獨使用,也可以和of連用,後接複數名詞或代詞them, us,you。
Either of your parents should attend the meeting tomorrow.
Neither of you is right.
--Which do you like?
--Neither. I think they're both ugly.
總結:當either和neither用於單數名詞前時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。either of與neither of用於複數名詞或代詞之前時,在正式的口語和書面語中,謂語動詞用單數形式。
(七)few, a few, little, a little的用法
三,複合不定代詞
句型轉換
There is something new in today’s newspaper.
疑問句:Is there something new in today’s newspaper?
否定句:There isn't anything new in today’s newspaper.
同義句替換:There is nothing new in today's newspaper.
用所給詞的適當形式填空。
(1)Everything___is__(be) quiet in the room.
(2)Nobody__knows__(know) his name.
(3)Nothing in the world___moves_(move)faster than light.
(4)Do you want to have_anything else__ (anything else; else anything)?
(5)There is_nothing interesting___(nothing interesting ; interesting nothing) in today’s newspaper.
(總結:不定代詞做主語,謂語動詞用三單;形容詞修飾不定代詞需後置。)
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