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語篇導讀:本文是一篇說明文。父母會認為孩子們對別人家的讚譽是對自家的嫌棄,甚至責備孩子們不忠。父母的孩子氣行為會引來孩子們的守口如瓶。對父母幻滅後,孩子們對父母的過高評價很容易經不住現實的考驗。另外,父母沒有意識到孩子們的信念,沒有意識到他們的成熟,從而造成互相對立的局面。父母不應靠無理取鬧維護自身的尊嚴,而應該面對事實,哪怕過程伴有陣痛。
今天精讀第94篇文章第2段
①Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.②Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.③Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child.④If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
語篇導讀:①孩子對父母的幻滅是不可避免的,其對父母的估價過高;③④如果家長意識到孩子對父母的信念,意識到他們的成長,就不會導致對立的局面。
【構詞法】disillusionment /ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒnmənt/:the state of being disillusioned不再抱幻想;幻想破滅;醒悟,如:There is widespread disillusionment with the present government. 人們對現政府普遍感到失望。★dis-前綴=to undo, remove(不具備),表示否定意義,因此dis-(表否定) + illusion(幻覺)+ -ment(名詞詞綴)= disillusionment(幻滅)。
【重點詞組】have a high ideal of:中心詞ideal(an idea or standard that seems perfect, and worth trying to achieve or obtain理想;看似完美的思想(或標準)),對……期望高,將……理想化,如:We have a high ideal of our parents.我們認為父母是完美的。
stand up to:經得起;抵抗;勇敢地面對,如:I wonder if he dare stand up to his boss. 我不知道他是否敢於反抗他的老闆。
evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn/:an appraisal of the value of something評估;估價,如:He got a good evaluation. 他得到了很好的評價。
have belief in:中心詞belief(a strong feeling that sth/sb exists or is true; confidence that sth/sb is good or right相信;信心),對……信仰,對……信任,如:I have belief in God.我相信上帝。
infallibility /ɪnˌfæləˈbɪləti/:the inability to be wrong無誤,一貫正確,★在本文,就是形容家長的絕對正確。
drive into:中心詞drive(to make sb very angry, crazy, etc. or to make them do sth extreme 迫使(某人生氣、發瘋或做出極端事情)),介詞into表示進入某種狀態,促使……處於某種狀態,如:His coldness drives me into despair.他的冷漠使我陷入絕望之中。
【重點詞彙】resent /rɪˈzent/:to feel bitter or angry about sth, especially because you feel it is unfair憤恨;感到氣憤;憤憤不平,如:I deeply resented her criticism. 我對她的批評感到非常氣憤。
【語法點撥】Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much…, and how much…,以及If parents were prepared for…, and realized…, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into…:虛擬語氣,表示與現在的事實相反。請參閱: 49. The ideal servant(一)
Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.
否定副詞構成否定句,常見的否定副詞有:seldom(很少)、rarely(罕有;很少;不常)、hardly(幾乎不)、scarcely(勉強;剛;幾乎不;簡直不)等,在本文,多次出現否定副詞的使用,如:it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.
在閱讀過程中,需要留意否定副詞的使用,以免混淆作者的意思。
Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.
參考譯文:除非父母自身不能令人滿意,大多數孩子對父母估價過高,以致這種估價很難指望經受住現實的考驗。
翻譯思維:
句子結構分析:參見【長難句小學堂】
全句意思分析:(一)說明條件:父母不能讓人滿意;(二)孩子對父母的過高評估導致這種評估難以經受住考驗。
翻譯要點:❶ such…that…:「如此……以至於……」是常用的表達,表示「結果」;❷ it代詞在此指a high ideal of their parents,翻譯中重複指代的內容,翻譯成「這種估價」。
不管家長的人品有多麼好,作為父母有多麼合格,孩子們對家長幻想的破滅在某種程度上是不可避免的。除非父母自身不能令人滿意,大多數孩子對父母估價過高,以致這種估價很難指望經受住現實的考驗。如果家長意識到孩子們通常是多麼相信家長的品行和絕對正確,意識到孩子們的這種信念會對孩子產生多麼大的影響,那麼家長會大為吃驚和深受感動的。如果家長對青少年的這種反應有思想準備,並且意識到這象徵著孩子們正在成熟和正在發展寶貴的觀察力、獨立判斷力,那麼他們就不會那樣傷心,也就不會由於怨恨和牴觸這種反應,而把孩子推到自己的對立面去。
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