每個年末,媒體都會總結一年的年度詞彙
用於回顧過去一年內
對人類社會造成巨大影響的事件和人物
今年也不例外
前幾天,英國權威的《柯林斯英語詞典》
公布了2020年度十大熱詞
其中,「lockdown」被選為年度詞彙,在其官方網站上,《柯林斯詞典》總結道:
「封鎖」,這一新冠疫情期間全球各地政府為了防止疫情蔓延採取的限制性措施,被提名為2020年度詞。而在今年的年度十大詞彙中,也有其他疫情相關的詞彙入選。我們選擇「封鎖」作為年度詞彙,是因為數十億人經歷了這個過程,大家都在對抗新冠的過程中扮演了自己的角色。2020年,根據柯林斯記錄,「封鎖」一詞的使用次數超過25萬次,而去年這項數據僅為4000次。
『Lockdown』, the containment measure implemented by governments around the world to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, has been named the Collins Word of the Year 2020. Several other words related to the pandemic are included in Collins』 longer list of ten words of the year, which you can see below. Our lexicographers chose 『lockdown』 as Word of the Year because it is a unifying experience for billions of people across the world, who have had, collectively, to play their part in combating the spread of COVID-19. Collins registered over a quarter of a million usages of 『lockdown』 during 2020, against only 4,000 the previous year.
lockdown,表示對於旅行、社交以及進入公共場所等行為進行嚴格限制。
The imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces.
《柯林斯詞典》的語言內容顧問海倫•紐斯特德接受《衛報》採訪時表示:
「語言反映我們所處的世界,2020年是被全球疫情主宰的一年。我們選擇『封鎖』作為今年的年度詞彙,因為它概括了數以十億的人類經歷著被限制的日常生活從而防控病毒蔓延的共同經歷。封鎖影響著我們的工作、學習、購物與社交的方式。如今許多國家還進入了第二輪封鎖,這不是一個值得慶賀的年度詞彙,但這個詞或許概括了世界上大多數人的這一年。」
除了Lockdown,十大年度詞彙還包括以下這些:
Coronavirus
冠狀病毒,導致呼吸道感染疾病的一類病毒,其中包括新冠肺炎病毒。
Any one of a group of RNA-containing viruses that can cause infectious illnesses of the respiratory tract, including COVID-19.
BLM
黑人的命也是命(Black Lives Matter的縮寫),指反對種族暴力和壓迫的運動。
A movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression.
Key worker
關鍵崗位員工,對於社會運行起至關重要作用的人員,比如教師、警察、醫護工作者等。
An employee in any of a number of professions considered to be essential to the functioning of society, for example teachers, police officers, health workers, etc.
Furlough
強制休假,暫時解僱員工,通常發生在當前工作不需要太多人的情況下。
A temporary laying-off of employees, usually because there is insufficient work to occupy them.
Self-isolate
自我隔離,一個人在確診或疑似患傳染性疾病時將自己隔離起來。
To quarantine oneself if one has or suspects one has a contagious disease.
Social distancing
社交距離,自己與他人之間保持一定的距離從而防止傳染疾病。
The practice of maintaining a certain distance between oneself and other people in order to prevent infection with a disease.
Megxit
「梅退」,指哈裡王子和梅根於2020年1月宣布退出王室職責的事件。
The withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties, announced in January 2020.
TikToker
抖音愛好者,經常分享或出現在抖音視頻裡的人。
A person who regularly shares or appears in videos on TikTok.
Mukbang
吃播,拍攝大量進食的視頻或直播用於娛樂大眾。
A video or webcast in which the host eats a large quantity of food for the entertainment of viewers
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