本文節選自《經濟學人》2019.01.26期，Business版塊中的一篇關於共享單車的報導。
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Lessons from the fall ofChina’s bike-sharing pioneer
the fall of：……的衰落
bike-sharing：共享單車
中國共享單車先驅的衰落帶來的啟示。
1
When every colour had beenclaimed byrivalbike-sharing firms, Qicai Bike (or 「seven colours」)went forthe whole rainbow. Onto these flashyframesit fixedglow-in-the-darkwheels, hoping perhaps for a night-timeedge overcompetitors. Launched in June 2017, Qicai’sdocklessbicycles joined those of over 70 other bike-sharestartupsin Chinese cities, unlocked and paid for with aQR codethrough smart-phone apps.
claimed by：被認領，合法擁有【寫作推薦】詞彙rival：名詞競爭對手，形容詞：相互競爭的went for：go for，有三個意思，1：適用於……，what I said about her go for you, too我說的關於她的話也適用於你。2：去取回某人某物，she’s gone for some milk.她買牛奶去了。3：喜歡，被吸引，she goes for tall slim man她喜歡又高又瘦的男人。這裡應該是第二個意思，指取用整個彩虹的色彩【寫作推薦】詞彙frames：框架、骨架，自行車的車架glow-in-the-dark：發夜光的，夜光設計的edge over：edge，微弱的優勢，edge on/over略勝一籌【寫作推薦】詞彙，have a slight advantage over sth/sbdockless：「無樁」refers to the fact that the bikes are not locked to dedicated physical stands指的是這些自行車不被鎖在專用的地點startups：創業公司QR code：二維碼（Quick Response）
當每一個顏色都被相互競爭的單車共享公司認領，七彩單車則認領了整個彩虹。七彩單車將夜光車輪安置在華麗的車架上，希望或許一晚上，就能勝過它的競爭者。2017年6月，七彩「無樁」共享單車與超過70家的共享單車公司一樣，進入了中國城市，通過智慧型手機二維碼解鎖和支付
2
Yet it seemed clear by then that it was a two-bike race—a configuration typical of China’s feverish entrepreneurial battles. That same summer, Ofo, started by students atthe elite Peking Universityin 2014,wheeledits dockless,buttercup-yellowbikes onto theTibetan plateau, makingLhasaits 100th city. Its main competitor, Mobike, raised over $600m, the largest single dollop of funding in bike-sharing anywhere, in a round led by Tencent, a social-media giant. Each startup was valued at a fizzy $3bn or so.
the elite Peking University：北京大學。elite是精英的意思，如the elite school名校，elite group精英小組wheeled：用有輪之物推動，這裡形象地描述將Ofo單車打入市場buttercup-yellow：奶油黃Tibetan plateau：青藏高原Lhasa：拉薩
然而，那時我們很清楚這是一場兩家公司的競賽——中國狂熱企業戰的典型配置。那個相同的夏天，在2014年由來自北京大學的學生們創立的Ofo，推動小黃車進入青藏高原，使拉薩成為擁有小黃車的第100個城市。它的主要競爭對手摩拜，募集超過6億美元（單車共享最大的單筆資金投入），參加了一場由騰訊這一社交媒體巨頭引導的競賽。每個公司估價約為30億美元。
3
Now Ofo islanguishing. Lawsuits over bills it has failed to payhave multiplied, from bike manufacturers, locksmiths andlogistics firms. Last month a courtplacedits 27-year-old founder, Dai Wei,on a credit blacklist, prohibiting him from stayinginfancy hotelsorflying first-class. He and his firm owe suppliers at least 194m yuan ($28.6m). Recently 12m-odd app users waited fordeposit refundsin avirtual queue. In a letter to staff, Mr Dai wrote that he had considered bankruptcy. This month Ofo dissolved itsinternational unit
languishing：to become weaker or fail to make progress，衰弱或停止進步have multiplied：sth have multiplied某物成倍增加，可以說：Homework waiting to be completed have multiplied.待完成的作業在成倍增加【寫作推薦】詞彙logistics firms：物流公司place sb on a credit blacklist：將某人列入信用黑名單fancy hotels：豪華酒店flying first-class：乘坐飛機頭等艙【地道描述】deposit refunds：退保押金。Deposit押金，refund償還virtual queue：虛擬隊列，即網上排隊等待international unit：國際子公司
如今Ofo正在衰退，關於其欠款的訴訟成倍增加，這些訴訟來自於自行車生產商，鎖匠和物流公司。上個月，法院將27歲的創始人戴威列入信用黑名單，禁止其入住豪華酒店或者乘坐飛機頭等艙。他和他的公司欠供應商至少1.94億人民幣（2860萬美元）。最近，1200萬app用戶正在等待退換押金。在一封給工作人員的信中，戴維說道他考慮過破產。本月，Ofo解散其國際子公司。
4
Theft andvandalismhurt all firms. Another startup, 3vbike, shut after almost all its 1,000 bikes were stolen. Citiesgrew tired of pile-upsclogging streets. Twelve barred new bikes, including Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, in August 2017, and began to ban ads on them.
vandalism：毀壞破壞公物grew tired of：對……越來越厭倦【寫作推薦】詞彙。I grew tired of pretending to be happypile-ups：堆積物，這裡指閒置的共享單車
偷竊和故意毀壞會損害所有的公司。另一個創業公司—3Vbike，在幾乎所有的1000輛自行車被偷後倒閉了。城市對閒置的共享單車堵塞街頭越來越厭倦。2017年9月，12座城市禁止新的共享單車入城，包括北京，上海和深圳，並且禁止與其相關的廣告。
5
Against suchheadwindsit has been a surprise to see a new challengerascend tothird place behind Ofo and Mobike. Hello-Bike recently raised 4bn yuan, some of it from Alibaba’s Ant Financial, but isshowing signs ofbeing more disciplined. In late 2017 it merged with a peer, and claims to have bikes in 300 Chinese cities. A co-founder says it was wrong to compare shared-bike services to food-delivery and ride-hailing.The formerrequire far larger sums to be invested to winturf wars, which can lead to oversupply and waste.
headwinds：頂頭風，against such headwinds，意指迎著這樣的逆境ascend to：上升，攀登ascend to third place behind，指的是，繼前兩者之後繼續攀登共享單車這項事業。showing signs of：表現出……的跡象The former：前者，反義詞，the latter後者turf wars：地盤戰
面對這樣的困境，這實在是令人驚奇，繼Ofo和Mobike之後還有新的挑戰者。哈囉出行最近籌集了40億元，其中包括了阿里巴巴的螞蟻金服，不過哈羅出行表現的更規範些。2017年末，它和一個同類公司合併，並聲稱其單車分布在中國的300個城市。一個共同創立者說：「把共享單車服務和送外賣以及打車服務相提並論是不正確的。前者需要更大的資金投入以贏得地盤之爭，而者可能會導致過度供應和浪費」
6
HelloBike’s late entry let it become known in big cities with only about a third as many bikes as Ofo and Mobikedeployedat their peak. It claims it willbe profitablethis year, mostly from 1-yuan rides. Two-fifths of these are inlower-tiercities with little competition, which hasallowed it toavoid subsidy wars. But the firm has swagger, suggesting it might still get ahead of itself: 「If an acquisition happens,」 says Mr Li,「we will be the ones devouring others.」
deployed：部署at their peak：在某人的巔峰時刻，鼎盛時期be profitable：有利可圖，創造良好的業績；make a profitlower-tier：低端的，較低層次的~ cities指的是三、四線城市allowed it to：使其能夠做某事【寫作推薦】詞彙= enable sb to do sth
由於哈囉出行上市較晚，在大城市中，與Ofo和摩拜單車在其巔峰時期部署的單車數相比，其數量僅是他們的1/3。哈囉出行聲稱今年將會盈利，主要來源為1元騎行，其盈利地點2/5來源於三、四線城市，那裡競爭較少，且能避免補貼戰。不過，這家公司有些過於自信，暗示自己可能會超越預期，李先生說：「如果發生了一次收購，我們將會是那個吞掉其他公司的一方。」
總結
claimed by：被認領，合法擁有【寫作推薦】詞彙went for：go for，有三個意思，1：適用於……，what I said about her go for you, too我說的關於她的話也適用於你。2：去取回某人某物，she’s gone for some milk.她買牛奶去了。3：喜歡，被吸引，she goes for tall slim man她喜歡又高又瘦的男人。這裡應該是第二個意思，指取用整個彩虹的色彩【寫作推薦】詞彙edge over：edge，微弱的優勢，edge on/over略勝一籌【寫作推薦】詞彙，have a slight advantage over sth/sbhave multiplied：sth have multiplied某物成倍增加，可以說：Homework waiting to be completed have multiplied.待完成的作業在成倍增加【寫作推薦】詞彙flying first-class：乘坐飛機頭等艙【地道描述】grew tired of：對……越來越厭倦【寫作推薦】詞彙。I grew tired of pretending to be happyallowed it to：使其能夠做某事【寫作推薦】詞彙= enable sb to do sth