複合句的使用與轉換
在前幾天的學習中，我們已經學習了詞類使用中的錯誤以及簡單句的轉換方法。但是，在寫作中不能全部都是簡單句，這樣會顯得單調。使用複合句可以增加文章句型的多樣性，沒有複合句的文章很難成為一篇優秀的文章。今天我們學習在作文中如何運用複合句以及複合句的轉換方法。
英語複合句主要分兩類：一類是以並列連詞and, or, but引導的並列複合句（compound sentences）；另一類是主從複合句（complex sentences）。
其實複合句並不難，只要學會了寫出正確的簡單句，那麼就可以掌握複合句。複合句的構成其實非常簡單，它的結構是「簡單句+連詞+簡單句」。所以，複合句無非就是用連詞把簡單句連接起來而已。但在實際使用中，學生經常會犯錯。下面是寫作中常犯的2種錯誤：
1. 錯用逗號代替連詞
我媽媽很忙，我得幫幫她。
誤：My mother was very busy, I had to help her.
正：My mother was very busy, so I had to help her.
Because my mother was very busy, I had to help her.
我叔叔從美國回來了，我非常高興。
誤：My uncle has come back from America, I’m very happy.
正：My uncle has come back from America, so I’m very happy.
My uncle has come back from America, and I’m very happy.
2. 錯把副詞或介詞當作連詞
李華很忙，但他經常幫助我們。
誤：Li Hua is very busy, however, he often helps us.
正：Li Hua is very busy, but he often helps us.
Li Hua is very busy. However, he often helps us.
隨著時間的推移，我們的英語水平越來越高。
誤：With time goes by, our English is better and better.
正：As time goes by, our English is better and better.
了解了複合句使用中常犯的錯誤後，我們來看寫作中適合使用複合句的2種情況：
1. 簡單句較多時，換用複合句
如果在寫作中連續使用簡單句，句子會顯得單調。除了使用我們昨天講的簡單句的轉換方法外，我們還可以使用複合句。
邁克來自加拿大，他在我們學校已經學習了2年，他不僅經常幫助我們學英語，而且中文也講得不錯。
一般：Mike is from Canada. He has studied in our school for two years. He often helps us learn English. He speaks Chinese very well.
較好：Mike is a student of our school, who comes from Canada. He has studied in our school for two years. He often helps us learn English, and he speaks Chinese very well.
Mike comes from Canada. He is a student of our school where he has studied for two years. Not only does he often help us learn English but he speaks Chinese very well.
2. 在連接上下文時，使用複合句
史密斯先生在會議上講了許多有關學習英語的方法。他的話對我們幫助很大。我們決定在課堂內外多講英語，因為英語口語在交際中太重要了。
一般：At the meeting Mr. Smith said a lot on how to learn English. His words gave us a lot of help. We have decided to speak English more in and out of class. Spoken English is very important in communication.
較好：At the meeting Mr. Smith said a lot on how to learn English. What he said gave us a lot of help. We have decided to speak English more in and out of class because spoken English is very important in communication.
在學習了寫作中複合句的使用場合後，下面我們來看複合句的轉換。和一直使用簡單句一樣，重複使用複合句也會顯得單調。我們可以用非謂語動詞（non-finite verbs）來對複合句進行轉換，以達到表達的多樣性。
我們認為中學生學習一門外語是必要的。同時我們也認為，中學生掌握一門外語是可能的。
原句：We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think it is possible that they can master one.
轉換：We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think it possible for them to master one.
當我們趕到校門口時，已經8點了。我們見到老師時，不得不為遲到而向她道歉。
原句：When we got to the school gate it was eight. When we saw our teacher, we had to say sorry for our being late.
轉換：When we got to the school gate it was eight. Seeing our teacher, we had to say sorry for our being late.
為了趕上同班同學，李華不遺餘力地學習。為了好好學習，他從不玩電腦遊戲。
原句：Li Hua makes every effort to study so that he can catch up with his classmates. He never plays computer games so that he can learn better.
轉換：Li Hua makes every effort to study so that he can catch up with his classmates. He never plays computer games in order to learn better.
Exercises
I. Combine the two sentences, using proper conjunctions.
1. I』ll never forget the day. On this day I joined the Party.
2. Do you like the house? Its color is white.
3. This is the place. Premier Zhou once lived here.
4. Mike didn’t come to school yesterday. He was ill.
5. Many people in the area are short of money. This is a question.
6. The manager said a lot at the meeting. It was very attractive.
7. You don’t work hard at your lessons. You will fail again.
8. Tom is over sixty years old. He still works for the poor.
II. Rewrite the following two paragraphs, using compound sentences, complex sentences or non-finite verbs.
1. You are coming to China and will stay at my home. I’m very glad. My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us. Now let me tell you something about it. Our school will organize a lot of things for you to do in the morning. In the afternoon I』ll show you around and take you to some places of interest. We』ll mostly stay at home in the evening, watch TV, play games, and meet people. We』ll have a wonderful time and enjoy each other’s company. I’m looking forward very much to meeting you soon.
2. The students of Class 3 had a discussion. The discussion is about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. Some people think English learning should start from childhood. Little boys and girls have a good memory; they can learn a lot of English words by heart. This will help them lay a solid foundation for further English learning. Others don’t agree. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. They learn Chinese pinyin and English at the same time. It will be very easy for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm to English learning and Chinese learning. In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.
本期答案在下期，注意瀏覽哦
上期答案：
I. Rewrite the following two paragraphs, using better expressions.
1. There are five people in Xiao Ming’s family, including him. All of them have their own hobbies. For instance, his parents like badminton and his grandparents enjoy walking after dinner. Collecting stamps is Xiao Ming’s hobby and to his great joy, his grandparents tell him a story almost every day in the evening. What a happy life they lead!
2. Our school is a newly-built boarding high school which is large and beautiful. Of course it is quite modern. To tell you the truth, never have I seen such a nice school before. There are more than 2000 students in our school. And our teachers, over 200, are strict with but friendly to all of us. To our great joy, not only our classes are lively and interesting, but also our school life is rich and colorful. How I like our school!
II. Rewrite the underlined sentences in the following paragraph, using as many sentences as you can.
1. I’m very happy to hear from you.
I’m very glad that I have received your letter.
How glad I am to receive your letter!
2. Beijing won the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics. I was very excited.
I was very excited on hearing that Beijing won the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
How excited I was when I heard the news that Beijing won the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
3. Right away I telephoned Li Hua and Xiao Ming to my house.
Immediately I asked Li Hua and Xiao Ming to my house by telephone.
Immediately I asked Li Hua and Xiao Ming to my house over the telephone.
4. We went to our classroom in a hurry and began to work.
We went to our classroom hurriedly and set out to work.
We went to our classroom as fast as possible and began to work.
We went to our classroom as fast as we could and started to work.
5. At the sight of the wall newspaper the next morning, our classmates were both surprised and overjoyed.
Seeing the wall newspaper the next morning, our classmates were both surprised and overjoyed.
On/ Upon seeing the wall newspaper the next morning, our classmates were both surprised and overjoyed.
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