2014年7月21日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --CD8+T 細胞是我們的免疫系統的一種細胞,它能夠保護我們免受癌症和病毒的侵擾。其中一些CD8+T 免疫細胞專門負責殺死感染HIV病毒的機體細胞。來自瑞典Karolinska 學院的研究者們和來自國外的同事首次得出為何這些細胞不能夠殺死感染HIV病毒細胞的結論。簡而言之,免疫系統的「智能鑰匙」還未打開所有到初始點的通路,即免疫系統還不能啟動CD8+T 細胞殺死感染HIV病毒的細胞。
眾所周知,可以靶向殺死HIV病毒的CD8+T 細胞往往會失去重要的功能,從而使其能量耗盡而不能正常履行其功能。
對於CD8+T 細胞來說,兩個非常重要的轉錄因子是 T-bet 和 Eomes,作為免疫系統的「智能鑰匙」,他們能夠正確的指導CD8+T 細胞對抗特定的疾病。T-bet負責誘導CD8+T細胞的分化成熟。Eomes更多的是監管作用,主要是針對感染建立一種記憶系統。
研究人員研究了T-bet和Eomes如何在64名愛滋病感染者中進行表達,他們中的絕大多數人在卡羅林斯卡大學醫院和斯德哥爾摩南部總醫院性健康診所進行治療。研究表明,CD8+T細胞靶向受愛滋病毒感染細胞存在T-bet低量表達,但有監管作用的Eomes會增強表達。這導致CD8+T細胞不能夠正常發育並且會抑制它們殺死感染愛滋病毒細胞的能力。
「這可能解釋了為什麼儘管用抗病毒藥物進行長期治療,CD8+T細胞延續功能還是不佳。我們以前知道是這樣,但我們不知道為什麼是這樣」,研究者說。
研究人員希望通過發現如何影響轉錄因子的表達,可以使T-bet表達量在愛滋患者身上增加。這可能會給免疫系統殺死感染愛滋病毒細胞增加機會,從而使愛滋病病毒感染者更容易被治癒。
「如果我們能克服這一障礙並且發現如何控制這些轉錄因子的調控,這將打開通過製造疫苗來治癒愛滋病的方法,這或許會開發一種有效治療愛滋病的免疫方法」,研究者說。(生物谷Bioon.com)
T-bet and Eomes Are Differentially Linked to the Exhausted Phenotype of CD8+ T Cells in HIV Infection
Marcus Buggert mail,Johanna Tauriainen,Takuya Yamamoto,Juliet Frederiksen,Martin A. Ivarsson,Jakob Michaëlsson,Ole Lund,Bo Hejdeman,Marianne Jansson,Anders Sönnerborg, Richard A. Koup,Michael R. Betts,Annika C. Karlsson
Abstract CD8+ T cell exhaustion represents a major hallmark of chronic HIV infection. Two key transcription factors governing CD8+ T cell differentiation, T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes), have previously been shown in mice to differentially regulate T cell exhaustion in part through direct modulation of PD-1. Here, we examined the relationship between these transcription factors and the expression of several inhibitory receptors (PD-1, CD160, and 2B4), functional characteristics and memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells in chronic and treated HIV infection. The expression of PD-1, CD160, and 2B4 on total CD8+ T cells was elevated in chronically infected individuals and highly associated with a T-betdimEomeshi expressional profile. Interestingly, both resting and activated HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic infection were almost exclusively T-betdimEomeshi cells, while CMV-specific CD8+ T cells displayed a balanced expression pattern of T-bet and Eomes. The T-betdimEomeshi virus-specific CD8+ T cells did not show features of terminal differentiation, but rather a transitional memory phenotype with poor polyfunctional (effector) characteristics. The transitional and exhausted phenotype of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells was longitudinally related to persistent Eomes expression after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Strikingly, these characteristics remained stable up to 10 years after ART initiation. This study supports the concept that poor human viral-specific CD8+ T cell functionality is due to an inverse expression balance between T-bet and Eomes, which is not reversed despite long-term viral control through ART. These results aid to explain the inability of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells to control the viral replication post-ART cessation.