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哈嘍大家好～小編的周末不定時更新來啦！
上周小編預告過，這周末的學術英語欄目會鎖定critical thinking 批判性思維。因為批判性思維源於西方，是西方的主流思想，本推的正文內容也會以英文為主。
正文約600字，喜歡的小夥伴們記得留言加轉發哦！
————————————以 下 是 正 文———————————
Critical thinking...the awakening of the intellect to the study of itself.
Critical thinking is a rich concept that has been developing throughout the past 2,500 years. The term "critical thinking" has its roots in the mid-late 20th century.
根源於19世紀中後期，「批判性思維」這一概念在過去兩千五百年裡得以發展。
Why Critical Thinking?
The Problem
Everyone thinks; it is our nature to do so. But much of our thinking, left to itself, is biased, distorted, partial, uninformed or down-right prejudiced. Yet the quality of our life and that of what we produce, make, or build depends precisely on the quality of our thought. Shoddy thinking is costly, both in money and in quality of life. Excellence in thought, however, must be systematically cultivated.
A Definition
Critical thinking is that mode of thinking - about any subject, content, or problem - in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them.
批判性思維是一種思維方式——不論思考的主題、內容、問題——思考主體通過技巧性控制固有思維結構並加以一定的知識標準，提高思考的質量。
The Result
A well-cultivated critical thinker:
raises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely;
gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards;
thinks open-mindedly within alternative systems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences; and
communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems.
Critical thinking is, in short, self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem-solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism.
(Taken from Richard Paul and Linda Elder, The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools, Foundation for Critical Thinking Press, 2008)
覺得太抽象的同學，可以對照以下6點。
Analytical thinking 分析性思維
Good communication 良好的溝通
Creative thinking 創造性思維
Open-mindedness 開放的思想
Ability to solve problems 解決問題的能力
Asking thoughtful questions 提經過思考的問題
題外：批判性思維在做學問、做研究方面的重要性毋庸置疑，可謂近乎所有的人類文明進步都是在「懷疑」的眼光下得以發展的。大家如果出國深造，一定要轉變從小到大所學的「老師說的都是對的」的思維模式，學會獨立思考，學會質疑。事實上，小編在寫這篇推送時，突然想起這些天在回家路上一直聽的fox news（小編是抱著學英語的心態去聽的，喜歡聽語速快的同學可以去聽聽看）,上面有鋪天蓋地的、觀點極強的政治評論，不失為一個練習「批判性思維」的好地方。
下期預告：出國留學，一門課的導師要求你寫一篇essay，另一門課的老師則要求你寫一篇report，要如何區分essay和report？它們之間有什麼異同？下周「周末不定時更新」，不見不散～