遲到的20210206期
1. Both gloss over what is really going on.
這裡gloss over表示to avoid talking about sth unpleasant or embarrassing by not dealing with it in detail 掩飾；掩蓋；把…搪塞過去，這裡gloss作動詞。這句話的意思就是：（上述）兩種情況都掩蓋了事實。比如，He glossed over any splits in the party. 他掩飾了黨內出現的任何分裂現象。
2. Trading volumes for shares are at their highest in at least a decade and those for some derivatives are off the charts.
Derivative表示a word or thing that has been developed or produced from another word or thing 派生詞；衍生字；派生物；衍生物，這裡的意思是由股票衍生出來的可用於交易的東西。
這裡主要積累off the charts這個短語，它表示extremely high in level 高得離譜；高極了，這個很好理解，高到表格都放不下了，那不是很離譜嗎？注意charts是複數形式。這裡those指代的就是trading volumes，意思就是「股票衍生品」的交易額高得離譜。比如，World demand for the product is off the charts. 該產品的世界需求量高極了。
3. Part of the reason for this is that government bail-outs have put a floor under risky debt.
Bail-out大家很熟悉了，表示an act of giving money to a company, a foreign country, etc. that has very serious financial problems 緊急財政援助。
這裡主要積累put a floor under sth. 這個表達，字面意思就是「在…下面鋪上地板」，意思就是為…提供支持，我們中文裡面經常說到一個詞叫「兜底」，大概就是這個意思。所以這裡的意思就是，政府的緊急財政援助為風險債務兜底。舉個例子，Thanks to Mr Draghi's promise to put a floor under government debt, the market risk that financial pressures could trigger a break-up has receded. 多虧了德拉吉承諾支撐著政府負債，財政壓力會導致解體的市場危機減弱了。
4. Far from being a passing fad, the disruption of markets will intensify.
Fad表示something that people are interested in for only a short period of time 一時的風尚；短暫的狂熱，這裡的passing fad就是我們所說的「曇花一現」。比如，Rap music proved to be more than just a passing fad. 事實證明，說唱音樂並不是曇花一現。
5. Its government employs censorship and an array of price and behavioural controls to try to keep a lid on it.
這裡lid很容易讓我們想到eyelid這個詞，那keep a lid on sth就有種「隨時瞄一眼」的感覺，意思就是to keep sth under control 把…控制住；抑制住，比如，The government is keeping the lid on inflation.政府正在控制通貨膨脹。
（以上原句來自經濟學人20210206期Leaders板塊文章The real revolution on wall street）
6. Imagine, then, the difficulties of candidates in Myanmar, who must secure the approval not only of voters, but also of the army's top brass.
這裡top brass表示the people who are in the most important positions in a company, an organization, etc. （公司、機構等的）最高負責人，要員，頭目，brass單獨也可以表示這個意思，比如，All the top brass was/were at the ceremony. 所有要員都出席了典禮。
7. Aung San Suu Kyi, who became a figure of global renown when she led the NLD from house arrest during the 1990s and 2000s, and who as "state counsellor" was the country's undisputed civilian leader, now find herself under lock and key again.
NLD就是National League for Democracy，全國民主聯盟，也就是我們說的「民盟」。
這裡house arrest的意思就是軟禁，後面under lock and key字面意思是「被鎖起來」，其實也就是軟禁的意思，為了避免重複，採取了另外一種說法。
（以上原句來自經濟學人20210206期Briefing板塊文章Reversion to type）
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