又到年底,也是到了大家開啟工作總結的時候了。近日,《牛津詞典》也選出了2018年度詞彙,作為一年的收官。
今年《牛津詞典》選取的年度詞彙是toxic:有毒的。
Oxford Dictionaries has chosen the word 'toxic' as their 2018 word of the year.
「Toxic」來源於中古拉丁文toxicus,在17世紀中期首次出現在英語裡,在過去一年還被用來描述工作場所、學校、人際關係、文化和壓力。
First appearing in English in the mid-17th century, from the medieval Latin toxicus, 「toxic」 has also been used to describe workplaces, schools, relationships, cultures and stress over the last year, said the dictionary.
不過,為啥toxic可以當選年度詞彙呢?
Why was toxic chosen as Word of the Year?
《牛津詞典》解釋,年度詞彙反映了這一年來大家的呼聲、情緒以及最關切的事件,並且有持久的文化影響力。
The Oxford Word of the Year is a word or expression that is judged to reflect the ethos, mood, or preoccupations of the passing year, and have lasting potential as a term of cultural significance.
《牛津詞典》方面表示,根據數據統計,詞典官方網站上,toxic的搜索上升了45%。同時,toxic使用也大大增加,不僅僅是其字面意義,還包括更多修辭上的表達。
Our data shows that, along with a 45% rise in the number of times it has been looked up on oxforddictionaries.com, over the last year the word toxic has been used in an array of contexts, both in its literal and more metaphorical senses.
在《牛津詞典》的語料庫中,經常跟toxic搭配的10個詞包括:
Drawn from our corpus, the top 10 toxic collocates for the year – that is, words habitually used alongside toxic – are indicative of this.
Chemical 化學品
Masculinity 男子氣概
Substance 物質
Gas 油氣
Environment 環境
Relationship 關係
Culture 文化
Waste 垃圾
Algae 藻類
Air 空氣
除了形容化學品和空氣等有毒,其他層面的「有毒」也同樣惹人關注。
比如toxic與masculinity的搭配高居第二。這是因為反性騷擾的#MeToo運動如火如荼,這也讓人們開始關注那些「有毒的」男子氣概。
Our corpus data shows that, after 『chemical』, 『masculinity』 is the most-used word in conjunction with toxic this year. With the #MeToo movement putting a cross-industry spotlight on toxic masculinity, the term toxic masculinity has well and truly taken root in the public consciousness and got people talking in 2018.
Toxic加environment,除了廣泛形容有毒的工作環境,也指那些對人精神健康產生影響的環境。
The term toxic environment itself, however, has been more frequently used in reference to harmful workplace environments and the toll this takes on the workforce’s mental health.
好了,有關《牛津詞典》的選擇你認可嗎?你的年度詞彙又是什麼呢?
綜合來源:中國日報英語點津、《牛津詞典》官網、Daily Mail
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