生物谷報導: 一項新的研究顯示,一種早就知道與保護細胞不發生基因損傷的蛋白質的保護能力被低估。研究顯示,這種蛋白質甚至在保護細胞後代方面具有更為重要的功能。
這項由美國洛克菲勒大學、霍華德休斯醫學院和美國癌症研究院研究人員組成的研究隊伍證實,這種叫做ATM的蛋白質不但對免疫細胞DNA雙鏈缺口的修復至關重要,而且還是防止基因損傷被傳遞給後代細胞過程中起到一定的作用。
在B淋巴細胞生命周期的初期階段,它們重排DNA,從而形成不同的表面受體,即V(D)J重組,而這種受體能識別不同的入侵者。現在,洛克菲勒的Michel Nussenzweig教授與霍華德休斯等研究機構的研究人員合作進行的這項研究表明,當ATM蛋白質缺失時,在V(D)J重組過程中形成的染色體缺口就無法被修復,並且通常能阻止受損細胞進行複製的檢查點(checkpoint)也喪失了。這項研究的結果發表在最新一期的Cell雜誌上。
研究人員發現ATM蛋白質似乎在B細胞中有兩個功能:幫助修復DNA雙鏈缺口;活化細胞周期檢查點。研究人員解釋說,已經知道ATM是B細胞知曉自己是否有缺口染色體所必須的,但是之前並不知道它還能繼續起作用。
由於ATM蛋白質在一些淋巴瘤中發生了突變,因此這項新的發現暗示研究人員,淋巴細胞可能在很長的時間裡攜帶DNA損傷,並且這種損傷可能在之後染色體遷移、遺傳物質重組過程產生一定的影響,從而可能導致癌症的發生。
英文原文:http://www.physorg.com/news102337637.html
原始出處:
10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.016
Elsa Callén,1 Mila Jankovic,2 Simone Difilippantonio,1 Jeremy A. Daniel,1 Hua-Tang Chen,1 Arkady Celeste,1 Manuela Pellegrini,1 Kevin McBride,2 Danny Wangsa,3 Andrea L. Bredemeyer,4 Barry P. Sleckman,4 Thomas Ried,3 Michel Nussenzweig,2,5, and André Nussenzweig1,5,
1 Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1360, USA
2 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA
3 Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
4 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Corresponding author
André Nussenzweig
andre_nussenzweig@nih.gov
Corresponding author
Michel Nussenzweig
nussen@mail.rockefeller.edu
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce a signal transmitted by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, which suppresses illegitimate joining of DSBs and activates cell-cycle checkpoints. Here we show that a significant fraction of mature ATM-deficient lymphocytes contain telomere-deleted ends produced by failed end joining during V(D)J recombination. These RAG-1/2 endonuclease-dependent, terminally deleted chromosomes persist in peripheral lymphocytes for at least 2 weeks in vivo and are stable over several generations in vitro. Restoration of ATM kinase activity in mature lymphocytes that have transiently lost ATM function leads to loss of cells with terminally deleted chromosomes. Thus, maintenance of genomic stability in lymphocytes requires faithful end joining as well a checkpoint that prevents the long-term persistence and transmission of DSBs. Silencing this checkpoint permits DNA ends produced by V(D)J recombination in a lymphoid precursor to serve as substrates for translocations with chromosomes subsequently damaged by other means in mature cells.
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