大家好！「外企頭條」欄目又跟大家見面了。開工第一天，我們推出國際銅業協會預測2018銅業五大趨勢，了解銅在我們生活中為什麼越來越重要。
請看詳細報導↓↓↓
2017年對全球的銅行業來說是意義非凡的一年。展望2018，以下這五大趨勢有望引領行業發展。
2017 has been quite the year for the copper industry around the world. As we look forward to 2018, we will be watching these top five key industry trends.
1.電動汽車市場拉動銅需求
Electric vehicle market drives copper demand
隨著多款新型電動汽車推向市場，電動汽車有望在2018年迎來爆發式增長。
With several new electric vehicle (EV) cars hitting the market, 2018 may be the tipping point for EVs.
在技術改良、價格下調和充電樁普及的推動下，到2025年，預計六分之一的車輛將由電力驅動。
Thanks to improvements in technology, affordability, and the deployment of more electric chargers, one in every six cars are expected to be electric by 2025.
電動汽車技術高度依賴銅材。其銅材需求量有望從2017年的18.5萬噸增至2027年的174萬噸。
EV technology is heavily reliant on copper, and copper demand for EVs is expected to increase from 185,000 tonnes in 2017, to 1.74 million tonnes in 2027.
電動汽車的多個關鍵部件都用到銅，如電池、電機、充電站以及配套設施等。
EV manufacturing requires copper for multiple key components, such as batteries, motors, charging stations, and supporting infrastructures.
此外，電動汽車技術越先進，銅材的需求量就越大。
The more advanced the EV technology becomes, the more copper is required.
內燃機通常要用掉23公斤銅，混合動力電動汽車要使用40公斤銅，插電式混合動力汽車要使用60公斤銅，而純電池驅動電動汽車則需要多達83公斤的銅。
Internal combustion engines typically use 23 kg of copper, while hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) use 40 kg of copper, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) use 60 kg of copper, and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) use 83 kg of copper.
2. 水資源危機日趨嚴峻
Burgeoning water crisis
隨著水資源和天然水基礎設施的不斷損耗，找到切實可行的解決辦法變得越來越重要。這樣，銅就有了用武之地。
As water resources and natural water infrastructure continue to be depleted, it is becoming that much more important to find a viable solution. This is where copper comes in.
銅是一種耐用可靠且性能穩定的金屬，特別適用於水管設施的鋪設。
As a durable, reliable, and long-lasting metal, copper is particularly useful in the construction of water pipe infrastructure.
其良好的防滲透性可以防止石油、殺蟲劑和化肥等汙染物進入水系統。
It is also impermeable and prevents contaminants such as petroleum, insecticides, and fertilizers from polluting the water system.
與鉛不同的是，銅還具有防腐蝕能力，同時也是人體生長和發育必需的一種營養物質。
Unlike lead, copper is also corrosion-resistant, and is a necessary nutrient for human life and development.
位於美國和加拿大的許多城市已經開始使用銅製水管來代替鉛制水管。
Many cities across the United States and Canada are already beginning the process of replacing lead pipes with copper ones.
銅製供水設施已經在多倫多、蒙特婁、密爾沃基和密西根州的弗林特市等許多城市成功投入使用，這充分證明了銅——這一重要材料可以給全世界有需求的地區帶來清潔的水源。
The success of copper water infrastructure in places like Toronto, Montreal, Milwaukee, and Flint, Michigan is proof that this valuable metal can help bring clean water resources to communities in need around the world.
3.電氣化的未來
The future is electric
根據國際能源署最近出版的《2017年世界能源展望》，電氣化的崛起意味著電力將進入汽車、供暖和製冷系統等原來僅限於燃料供能的領域。
According to the recently published World Energy Outlook 2017 by the International Energy Agency (IEA), growing electrification implies that electricity is going to sectors previously confined to fuels, including vehicles, heating and cooling systems.
人們收入的增加使得數百萬的家庭能夠使用各種電器和製冷設備，這必然會推動全世界的電力需求增長。
The global demand for electricity is set to grow as rising incomes enable millions of households to use electrical appliances and cooling systems.
發電，配電和輸電需要用到大量的銅材。
Electricity requires a great deal of copper for production, distribution, and transmission.
銅是絕好的導電材料，在高溫下依然表現出色，這有助於電氣系統併入大型電網。
Copper is an excellent electrical conductor and operates well at higher temperatures to help electrical systems connect to the larger grid.
4. 可再生能源增長勢頭喜人
Renewable energy gains momentum
2015年，風力和太陽能發電量佔全球發電總量的23%。隨著風力和太陽能發電產能的增加，該佔比有望在2020年升至30%。
Global electricity generation from wind and solar was 23 percent in 2015, and thanks to increases in wind- and solar-generating capacity, that number is expected to grow to 30 percent by 2020.
從風電渦輪到太陽能電池板，銅是可再生能源技術的關鍵組成部分。
From wind turbines to solar panels, copper is a critical component of renewable energy technologies.
風電渦輪使用銅材作為接地線、輸電電纜、變壓器、變頻器、防雷保護器，以及其發電機和控制系統的部分材料。
Wind turbines use copper for grounding wires, power cables, transformers, inverters, lightning protection, and as part of generators and control systems.
僅一座風力發電站就要用掉400萬磅（1800噸）到1500萬磅（6800噸）的銅材。
A single wind farm can contain 4–15 million pounds of copper.
銅材也用於太陽能發電系統的關鍵部件，它可以提高光伏電池和組件的能效、可靠性和性能。
Copper is also a key component of solar energy systems, increasing the efficiency, reliability, and performance of photovoltaic cells and modules.
銅優異的導電導熱特性在太陽能的採集、儲存和分配方面起著至關重要的作用。
Copper’s superior electrical and thermal conductivity are vital in the collection, storage, and distribution of solar energy.
5. 綠色建築的興起
Rise of resilient buildings
目前，建築業耗能佔全球最終能源的30%，節能潛力可觀。
The global building sector currently makes up around 30 percent of final energy use, and its energy savings potential is significant.
隨著可持續性建築需求的增長，綠色建造效益不斷顯現，在全球建築市場中備受青睞。
As the demand for more sustainable building options increases, green construction has become increasingly profitable and desirable within the global construction market.
中國正大力提高建築可持續性。中國的《建築能效和綠色建築發展十三五規劃》中要求50%的新建城市建築必須獲得綠色建築的認證。
China is making particularly strong efforts to increase building sustainability. As part of the country’s thirteenth 「Five Year Plan for Building Energy Efficiency and Green Building Development,」 50 percent of all new urban buildings will be required to be certified green buildings.
降低建築物的能耗對歐盟實現其對《巴黎協定》所作出的承諾具有決定性的作用，也是其《清潔能源計劃》的主要焦點。
Reducing the energy demand of buildings is critical to delivering on the EU’s commitments under the Paris Agreement and is a key focus in the Clean Energy Package.
銅材在房屋建造中的應用幾乎永無止境，其用途包括屋頂和牆壁覆層、遮雨板、排水槽和排水管、電線布線、管道系統、供暖系統、通風系統和設計元素等。
The applications of copper in building construction are nearly endless. Some of the uses include roof and wall cladding, flashing, gutters and downspouts, wiring, plumbing, heating systems, ventilation, and design elements.
銅材堅實耐用，其使用期限和建築物的壽命不相上下，中途無需更換。
Copper is highly durable and does not need to be replaced over the life of the building.
此外，銅作為建材還有耐腐蝕、抗氧化、維護成本低、重量輕及抑菌等優點。
Other benefits to copper as a building material include corrosion- and oxidation-resistance, low maintenance costs, lightweight, and antimicrobial properties.
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來源 / 經濟日報（記者陳頤、朱琳）