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Critical thinking is making an effort to improve the way you think. It's analyzing facts apart from feelings so you can make decisions. We use this process to solve problems, make arguments and evaluate claims. It's important in just about every area of life.
批判性思考就是努力分析改善自已的思考方式;除了分析情感面之外，還分析事實，以便我們做出決定。我們運用這樣的過程來解決問題、提出論點以及評估主張。批判性思考在生活中幾乎每一個層面，都非常重要。
Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. Most of our thinking is not critical thinking. We don't need to make many judgments to travel to work or cook dinner. But when problem comes our way, we need to think critically to decide how to solve it. When we see an advertisement, for example, we should stop and think. Advertisements are made to convince people to buy a product. But is what the advertisement says true? Is it making a claim, or does it only appeal to emotion? Critical thinking can save us from blindly making poor choices. But we'll only use it if we make a conscious effort to ask questions about what we see.
就像所有其他技巧一樣，批判性思考也需要練習。我們大部分的思考模式並非屬於批判性思考，對於要去公司上班或是煮晚餐，並不需要做出很多判斷。但是，當問題發生時,我們就得進行批判性思考以便決定應該如何解決。舉例來說，我們看到某個廣告時,應該停下來思索一番。製作廣告的目的，便是為了說服人們買商品。不過，廣告所言屬實嗎?該廣告是做出某種宣傳，抑或只是訴諸情感化?批判性思考能幫助我們脫離盲目做出蹩腳選擇的困境。然而，只有在我們針對所見之事能自覺提出疑問時，才稱得上是真正運用批判性思考。
How can you improve your critical thinking skills? First and foremost, you need to practice. There are many ways of doing that. Here are a few:
如何增進批判性思考的技巧呢?首先，需要練習。練習的方法有很多,以下使是其中幾個:
Read about a topic people disagree on. Look at articles or books written by people on all sides of the issue. For each source, evaluate the argument: What claim is it making? What reasons does it give? Are the reasons logical?
閱讀造成眾人意見分歧的議題。檢閱對該議題持各種不同立場觀點的人所撰寫的文章或書籍。針對每一個意見來源，進行論點評估:該意見持何論點?理由為何?理由合乎邏輯嗎?
When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim and why?
看見或聽到某種主張時，針對該主張提問。提出該主張的是誰?為何提出該主張?
Evaluate your own thinking. Where do you tend to not think critically? Why don’t you? How can you improve?
評估自己的思考模式，自己在哪個點往往出現非理性思考?原因為何?該如何改善？
Question things you assume. What claims do you accept without knowing the reasons for them? When you think of one, do some research. Try to find out what others believe about that claim and why.
質疑自己認為想當然的事。哪些主張是你連理由都不清楚就接受的?想到某件這樣的事時，好好做些硏究調查。試著找出其他人對該主張的想法為何，及其原因。
As you grow in critical thinking, you'll become a wiser and more thoughtful person. And it may help you to succeed at work or school as well!
隨著批判性思考能力愈漸增長，你將會成為一個更有智慧且更加體貼的人。這將能幫助你在工作上或學校裡獲得成功!
❖ evaluate (v.)評估;鑑定
Tests are a teacher s way of evaluating students progress.
❖ appeal (v.) 訴諸;呼籲
Many advertisements appeal to people 's desire to look.
❖ blindly (adv.) 畝目地;沒頭沒腦地
Don't blindly follow the crowd. Think for yourself.
❖ conscious (adj.) 察覺到的;意識到的
It's better to be conscious of whatever is causing the problem before reacting.
❖ first and foremost (idiom) 首先;首要的是
If you want to run a long race, first and foremost, you need to train.
❖ logical (adj.) 合乎邏輯的,合理的
There must be a logical explanation for what happened.
❖ assume (v.) 想當然地認為;臆斷
Don't assume that you know what other people are thinking.
❖ research (n.) 研究;調查
I need to do some research on French history so I can write an essay on it.
❖ analyze (v.) 分析
❖ advertisement (n.) 廣告
❖ appeal (n.) 吸引力;魅力
I don’t understand the appeal of that kind of music.
❖ appealing (adj.) 有吸引力的;令人感興趣的
I don’t find that kind of music appealing.
When have you needed to use critical thinking in the past week?
- I needed critical thinking when …
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