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Unit4(Book 7) Grammar
Revise the Attributive Clause
講義作者：王愛弟
選修七 unit4 Grammar內容是複習定語從句, 定語從句在生活和學習中都經常用到。學生是在高一第一學期學過定語從句，並一直不斷接觸該語法項目，但並沒有再次歸納整理，所以現在有必要重新回憶並整理其用法。今天和大家分享有關定語從句的講義，主要包括以下內容：
一、定語從句概念、位置、關係詞；
二、關係代詞在定語從句中的功能
（一）用that不用which的情況；
（二）不用關係代詞that的情況；
（三）whose在定語從句中用法；
（四）定語從句先行詞one of +n.(pl)與the only one of +n.(pl)的不同。
三、關係副詞
（一）關係副詞when, where, why；
（二）關係副詞與介詞+關係代詞的互換。
四、關係代詞前介詞的確定
（一）三種方法的介紹；
（二）situation，case, occasion, point, stage作定語從句先行詞；
（三）the way作定語從句先行詞。
五、關係代詞as與which用法的不同。
六、where引導地點狀語從句
七、Practice
Unit4(Book 7) Grammar
Revise the Attributive Clause
一、 概念
※定語從句在句中相當於形容詞，來修飾名詞或代詞作定語。
從句的位置：一般在名詞或代詞後。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。
※引導定語從句的詞有：
關係代詞
which,that, who, whom, whose, as
關係副詞 when, where, why
※關係詞的作用：
(1)引導定語從句
(2) 代替先行詞在從句中作一成分
※判斷定語從句關係詞的關鍵:
（1）注意句子中的動詞；
（2）判斷出主句和從句；
（3）在主句找出先行詞；
（4）判斷先行詞在從句中所作的成分；
（5）最後確定關係詞。
二、關係代詞: 關係代詞在從句中的功能：
1. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主語)
2. The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. (主語)
3. These are the trees which were planted last year. (主語)
4. The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. （賓語）
5. The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab. （賓語）
6. Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? （賓語）
7. He is the lawyer whose daughter went abroad. （定語）
8. They live in a house whose door is blue.（定語）
指人
指物
主語
賓語
定語
that
√
√
√
√
×
which
×
√
√
√
×
who
√
×
√
√
×
whom
√
×
×
√
×
whose
√
√
×
×
√
注意：關係代詞做賓語時可以省略
(一)that指物時一般可以與which互換，但在下列情況引導詞只用that不用which。
①當先行詞為all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時，如：
a. All that can be done has been done.
b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender（投降）.
② 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修飾時：
I』ve read all the books (that) you gave me.
③先行詞是序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。
This is the best book (that) I』ve ever read.
This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.
④先行詞被the only, the very, the last 修飾時。
The white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
This is the very book (that) I want to find.
He is the last person (that) I want to turn to for help;
⑤ 當有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時，這個定語從句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引導。如：
He talked about the teachers and schools （that）he had visited.
⑥先行詞是疑問詞who, which, what 時，定語從句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引導。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
What that is on the table belongs to me?
⑦ 當關係代詞在從句中作表語時：
Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
⑧在there be 句型中指物只能用that:
There is a book that is on the desk.
（二）. 不用關係代詞that情況
(1) 在介詞後面，指人用whom；指事物用which
There are many trees under which they can have a rest.
He is the person to whom you will write.
(2)在非限制性定語從句中,指人用who/ whom，指物用which
a. Yesterday I bought a dictionary, ______ cost me more than 100 Yuan . (which)
b. Mr Smith, _______ gave a talk several months ago, will come again. (who)
c. My uncle has come back from abroad, who/whom I haven’t met for along time.
(3).當先行詞指人且為he, anyone，those, one, ones 時只用who不用that。
a. He who laughs last laughs best.
b. Anyone who wants to see the film Please let me know.
c. Those who are for/against the plan raise your hand.
d. One who has nothing to fear does not tell the truth.
(4).在there be 結構中指人只用who不用that.
a. There are many young people who are against the plan.
b. There is an old man outside who wants to see you.
(5).在分隔式定語從句中指人用who不用that
a. I was the only person in my office who was invited to the party
b. I met a foreigner in the street yesterday ____ could asked me questions in Chinese. (who)
practice:
1.Do you have anything _____ you don’t understand ?
2. The talked of the things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
3.This is the best TV _____ is made in China.
4.All ______ can be done has be done.
5.This is the very book ______ belongs tohim.
6.Which is the book ______ you bought last week?
7. Who is the girl _____ you are talking to ?
8.Anyone ____ was late this morning should be responsible for this accident.
9.The army organized teams to dig out those ____ were trapped in ruins.
10.He ____ doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
(keys: 1-7 that 8-10 who)
(三).whose指人或物,在定語從句中作定語.
1. He is the lawyer whose daughter went abroad.
2. They live in a house whose door is blue.
Whose+ n. =the+ n. of which/whom
= of which/whom the+ n.
This is the book whose cover is blue.
=This is the book, of which the cover is blue.
=This is the book, the cover of which is blue.
（四）one of +n(pl)作定語從句先行詞，定語從句謂語用複數；但the only one of +n(pl)作定語從句先行詞，定語從句謂語用單數。
1. He was one of the students who were praised by the teacher.
2. He was the only one of the students that was praised by the teacher.
三、關係副詞
（一）關係副詞 when，where，why 在定語從句中充當狀語的成分.when在定語從句中作時間狀語, where在定語從句中作地點狀語. why在定語從句中作原因狀語.
• I still remember the day when my daughter was born.
• I am now studying in the school where my mother worked ten years ago.
• Can you give the reason why you are late for school.
試比較並填空
（1）I will never forget the day ________ we spent together.
（2）I will never forget the day _______I first came to Beijing.
（3）This is the house __________ they built ten years ago.
（4）This is the house _______ they lived ten years ago.
（5）The reason ________ he gave me is unbelievable.
（6）The reason ________he was late is reasonable.
keys:
(1 )which/that (2)when
(3)that/which (4)where
(5) which/that (6)why
（二）在定語從句裡，關係副詞有時可以由介詞+關係代詞代替。
1. Can you remember the day when/on whichwe joined the party？
2. This is the shop where/in whichyou can buy the kind of knife.
3. The reason why/for which he couldn’t come is that his mother was ill.
四．關係代詞前介詞的確定
1.根據從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關係，請體會：
Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?
2. 根據從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配，如：
Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m not sure.
3. 根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣，請體會：
1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
注意：有些固定的短語介詞不提前.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的後面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如：
The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.
注意：
1.situation, case, occasion(場合），point, stage作定語從句先行詞且在定語從句中作狀語，定語從句由where引導。也可換成相應的介詞+which結構。
（1）This is the point _____ they met some difficulty.
A. when B. which
C. at which D. that
(2）There are some occasions ___________we can’t speak loudly. (where/in which)
(3）He is in a situation_____________ we should help him. (where/in which)
2．The way作定語從句先行詞且在定語從句中作狀語，定語從句引導詞有三種：
in which/that/-; 但當the way作定語從句先行詞且在定語從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which/that。
(1) I don’t like the way _________ you speak to your mother. (in which/that/-)
(2) He completed the room in the way ______ he wanted. (that/which)
practice:
1.Do you know who lives in the building ______ there is a well?
A. in front of it B. in front of whose
C. in front of which D. in front which
2. I』ll never forget the day ____ I joined the League.
A. on which B. in which
C. which D. at which
3. Jean was her old friend, ____ she borrowed a necklace.
A. from who B. from whom
C. to that D. to whom
4. His glasses, _____ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg.
A. which B. with which
C. without which D. that
5. Do you know the reason ____ he was late?
A. that B. which
C. for what D. for which
(keys:CABCD)
五、as在定語從句中的用法
(1)在the same…as…；such…as...中 as 引導的是限制性定語從句。
(2)as引導非限制性定語從句，可位於主句之前、之中、之後, as意為 「正如」，在從句中作主語、賓語, 指代整個主句內容。與as連用的詞有 know, see, expect, announce, say, remember, point out 等。
As is often the case,...
正如常常是這樣的情形，.
(3)which 引導非限制性定語從句,只能位於主句之後，「這一點；這件事」，指代整個主句內容或其中一部分。
practice:
1. ______ was natural, he married Jenny.
A. Which B. That C. This D. As
2. Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______Greek letters.
A. as, are B. as, is
C. that, are D. that, is
3. I passed him a large glass of whisky, _____ he drank immediately.
A. that B. as C. which D. who
4. The earth is round, _____we all know.
A. that B. which C. who D. as (keys:DACD)
六、 比較：定語從句？還是狀語從句?
Put the umbrella where it was.
地點狀語從句
Put the books where you took them.
地點狀語從句
●When you read the book, you』d better make a mark ___ you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where
C. the place where D. where
practice:
1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.
A . once they grew
B. they grew once
C. that once grew
2. Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine he had had ______ go wrong again.
A. repaired B. it repaired
C. repairing D. to be repaired
3. In the school there are one thousand students, and 45% of _____ are girls.
A. which B. those C. whom D. them
4. Was it in the village _____ we used to live in _____ the accident happened?
A. where; that B. which; that
C. that; where D. where; which
5. This is the point _____ they met some difficulty.
A. when B. in which
C. at which D. that
6. The day we had been looking forward to ______ at last.
A. come B. came C. coming D. arriving
7. I shall never forget those years __ I live in the farm __ you visited last week.
A. when; where B. which; which
C. when; which D. which; where
8. You can hardly imagine the difficulty she had ______ enough evidence(證據)to prove the case.
A. collected B. to collect
C. collecting D. to have collected
9. I should like to use the same TV set ___ is used in your classroom.
A. which B. who C. as D. whose
10. The Second World War ___ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. on which B. where
C. in that D. during which
11.Who can think of a situation _____ this idiom can be used?
A. which B. that C. where D. in that
12. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _____ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
13. I have many books, some of ___ are on chemistry.
A. Them B. that C. which D. those
14. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
15. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
16. He was one of the students who ________ praised by the teacher.
A. was B. were
17. He was the only one of the students that _______ praised by the teacher.
A. was B. were
(keys:1-5CADBC 6-10BCCCD
11-15CDCAD 16-17BA)
Correction(改錯)
1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you?
2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago.
3. There are ten students are playing basketball on the playground.
4. English is a subject I am interested.
5.Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Smith?
6.There is not a single person in the street whom I can turn for help.
7. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
8. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
9. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
10. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy.
11. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.
KEYS: 1 去掉it
2 where改為that
3 去掉第二個are或在其前加who
4 interested後加介詞in
5 have改成has
6 whom前加介詞to或turn後加to
7where改為which/that
8 第二個who改為that
9 which前加in或把which改為that或去掉which
10 去掉and或把which改為it
11 who’s改為whose
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