編者按
生存還是毀滅,這是大文豪莎士比亞在其著名悲劇作品《哈姆雷特》第三幕第一場開篇時為哈姆雷特王子寫下的經典獨白,反映出這位主人公當時內心的煎熬和矛盾;而這個著名問句也在後世被中西方的無數人無數次生發引用,並也一定以不同的版本和內涵,存在於發問者心中。
我們中國讀者,即便不熟悉莎翁的諸多作品,很多也把他的這句名言諳熟於心。我們中國讀者,即便永遠不可能處在哈姆雷特的那種詭譎的心境之下,很多也會在面對困難複雜的人生選擇時把To be or not to be掛在嘴邊。
選擇之所以變得困難,往往在於我們不願意放棄。只有一個,得到了就足夠歡欣鼓舞;二選其一,即便拿到也畢竟是丟掉了一個。好吧,一定要就著魚來吃熊掌,那你的這餐飯是註定吃不成的。
To be or not to be
生存還是毀滅
From Hamlet
選自《哈姆雷特》
By William Shakespeare
作者 威廉·莎士比亞
To be, or not to be, that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune; Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, and by opposing, end them.
生存還是毀滅,這是一個值得考慮的問題;沉默忍受命運暴虐的毒箭,或是挺身反抗人世無涯的苦難,通過鬥爭把它們掃個乾淨,這兩種行為,哪一種更加高尚?
To die, to sleep, no more; And by a sleep to say we end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks that flesh is heir to: 'Tis a consummation devoutly to be wish'd.
死了,睡著了,什麼都完了。要是在這一種睡眠之中,我們心頭的創痛,以及其他無數血肉之軀所不能避免的打擊,都可以從此消失,那正是我們求之不得的結局。
To die, to sleep; To sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, there'sthe rub: For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, when we have shuffled off this mortal coil, must give us pause.
死了,睡著了,睡著了也許還會做夢。唉,問題就在這裡:因為當我們擺脫了這一具朽腐的皮囊以後,在那死的睡眠裡,究竟將要做些什麼夢,那不能不使我們躊躇顧慮。
There’s the respect that makes calamity of so long life, for who would bear the whips and scorns of time, th'oppressor's wrong, the proudman's contumely, the pangs of dispriz'd love, the law's delay, the insolence of office, and the spurns that patient merit of th'unworthy takes.
人們甘心久困於患難之中,也就是為了這個緣故;誰願意忍受人世的鞭撻和譏嘲、壓迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被輕蔑的愛情的慘痛、法律的遷延、官吏的橫暴和費盡辛勤所換來的小人的鄙視。
When he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin, who would fardels bear, to grunt and sweat under a weary life? But that the dread of something after death, the undiscovered country, from whose bourn no traveler returns, puzzles the will, and makes us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?
要是他只要用一柄小小的刀,就可以清算自己的一生?誰願意負著這樣的重擔,在煩勞的生命的壓迫下呻吟流汗,若不是因為懼怕不可知的死後,懼怕那從來不曾有一個旅人回來過的神秘之國,是它迷惑了我們的意志,使我們寧願忍受目前的折磨,不敢向我們所不知道的痛苦飛去?
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all. And thus the native hue of resolution is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. And enterprises of great pitch and moment, with this regard, their currents turn awry, and lose the name of action.
這樣,重重的顧慮使我們全變成了懦夫,決心的熾熱的光彩,被審慎的思維蓋上了一層灰色,偉大的事業在這一種猶疑之下,也會逆流而退,失去了行動的意義。
主播:MY和MY
編輯:寒水婭