2012年12月17日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --醫生們都知道,脆性X染色體症候群的病人,其是最常見的遺傳性智障病人,這種病人同時也被診斷為自閉症,但是關於這兩種病症之間的診斷相關性卻無人知曉。近日,來自杜克大學醫學中心等處的研究者指出了連接這兩種病症之間精確的遺傳足跡,相關研究成果刊登於國際雜誌Nature上,文章中研究者指出了更為精確的遺傳檢測方法並且將自閉症相關的障礙進行了譜系分類。
脆性X染色體症候群是一種由於單基因引發的自閉症,其由於編碼某種特定蛋白質的遺傳代碼的部分缺失所導致,研究者將這種特定蛋白質命名為脆性X症候群蛋白質或FMRP。正常情況下,FMRP在控制大腦和其它器官蛋白質產生上扮演著重要的作用,其通過尋找位於信使編碼蛋白上的特殊遺傳樣式來進行大腦及其它器官蛋白質的產生。
在脆性X染色體症候群中,上述過程被破壞了,因為特定基因的缺失可以促使機體產生極少量甚至不產生FMRP,結果FMRP正常調節的額外蛋白質就會在錯誤的地方以及錯誤的時間產生,截至到目前,研究者並不知道在自閉症患者中這個過程是如何來完成的。
文章中,研究者將實驗室試驗與先進的生物信息學技術結合,鑑別出了FMRP尋找的以及其靶向調節基因的遺傳標誌。研究者發現,FMRP可以直接控制93個基因,這些基因與自閉症相關,而且互相不依賴,研究證實,FMRP的缺失可以引發小鼠模型卵巢功能不全,這是一種由脆性X染色體症候群影響的疾病。
這項新型研究揭示了引發所有自閉症形式的常見分子路徑,並且研究者鑑別出的這些途徑可以幫助其開發出針對脆性X染色體症候群以及自閉症的相關療法。相關研究由NIH等機構提供資助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
FMRP targets distinct mRNA sequence elements to regulate protein expression
Manuel Ascano,1 Neelanjan Mukherjee,2, 5 Pradeep Bandaru,1 Jason B. Miller,1 Jeffrey D. Nusbaum,1 David L. Corcoran,2 Christine Langlois,3 Mathias Munschauer,1 Scott Dewell,4 Markus Hafner,1 Zev Williams,1, 3 Uwe Ohler2, 5 & Thomas Tuschl1
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a multi-organ disease that leads to mental retardation, macro-orchidism in males and premature ovarian insufficiency in female carriers. FXS is also a prominent monogenic disease associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). FXS is typically caused by the loss of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) expression, which codes for the RNA-binding protein FMRP. Here we report the discovery of distinct RNA-recognition elements that correspond to the two independent RNA-binding domains of FMRP, in addition to the binding sites within the messenger RNA targets for wild-type and I304N mutant FMRP isoforms and the FMRP paralogues FXR1P and FXR2P (also known as FXR1 and FXR2). RNA-recognition-element frequency, ratio and distribution determine target mRNA association with FMRP. Among highly enriched targets, we identify many genes involved in ASD and show that FMRP affects their protein levels in human cell culture, mouse ovaries and human brain. Notably, we discovered that these targets are also dysregulated in Fmr1−/− mouse ovaries showing signs of premature follicular overdevelopment. These results indicate that FMRP targets share signalling pathways across different cellular contexts. As the importance of signalling pathways in both FXS and ASD is becoming increasingly apparent, our results provide a ranked list of genes as basis for the pursuit of new therapeutic targets for these neurological disorders.