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考研英語的複習對於眾多的考生來說都是一段艱難的路程，為了能夠更好的幫助參加2018考研的考生們安穩度過這段路程。考研界小編搜集整理了考研英語長難句解析供大家學習，打好基礎。
一、The researchers』 argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, notinterpersonal, influence—even the most influentialmembers of a population simply don’t interact with thatmany others.
長難句解析：
主幹識別：
1.The researchers』 argument stems from a simpleobservation about social influence:
研究者的觀點源自於對社會影響的簡單觀察：
2.even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others
即使是一個人群中最有影響力的成員也不會與那麼多的人進行互動
其他成分： With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey 狀語
—whoseoutsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—定語從句做插入語
奧普拉非凡的存在主要是一個媒體功能的影響，而不是人際關係的影響
參考譯文：研究者的觀點源自於對社會影響的簡單觀察：除了個別像奧普拉.溫弗瑞這樣的名人，即使是一個人群中最有影響力的成員也不會與那麼多的人進行互動。而奧普拉非凡的存在主要是一個媒體功能的影響，而不是人際關係的影響。
二、Consumers passionate about aproduct may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it tofriends, and a company may leverage 「owned」 media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales tocustomers registered with its Web site.
詞彙突破：
1.passionate 熱衷於…
2. leverage 利用
3. alert 通知
長難句解析：Consumersmay create "earned" media
A company may leverage 「owned」 media
其他成分：passionateabout a product 熱衷於某一產品 定語
by willingly promoting it to friends 狀語
by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers
registered with its Web site 狀語
可以通過發送郵件給其網站的註冊用戶，提示他們產品和消費信息
參考譯文：熱衷於某一產品的消費者，可以通過自願推薦給朋友的方式，創建免費口碑媒體。企業可以通過發送郵件給其網站的註冊用戶，提示他們產品和銷售信息。
三、Withinthe complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers makediscoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling thepublication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their ownpurposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists)receives the newdiscovery and possibly accompanying technology.
句子不難，並列較多，一個個的切分。
長難句解析：1.researchers make discoveries;
2.editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publicationprocess;
3.other scientists use the new finding to suit(滿足) theirown purposes;
4.and finally, the public (including other scientists)receives the new discoveryand possibly accompanying(隨之而來的) technology.
其他成分：Within the complex social structure of the scientific community 狀語
參考譯文：在科學界的複雜社會結構中，研究者做出發現;編輯和評審者控制發現的發表過程進而扮演著看門人的角色;其他科學家則使用這一新發現來滿足自己的需要;最後，公眾包括其他科學家接受這個新發現及其可能隨之而來的技術。
四、Certainly the Britain beyondLondon and the south-east that Mrs May wants to conquer—call it the Mayan Empire—is lesseconomically advanced. If it were a country it would be about as rich as Spain,with a GDP per person one-tenth below the EU average.
參考譯文：當然梅姨想要徵服的倫敦以外的大不列顛和英國東南地區——稱之為「梅帝國」吧——經濟沒那麼發達。如果組成一個國家，貧富程度會和西班牙差不多，人均GDP低於歐盟平均水平十分之一。
五、TheWorld Health Organisation has cleared coffee of causing cancer, but a detailedinvestigation has found that very hot drinks may be linked to cancer of theoesophagus, or gullet. Coffee was classified as a possible cause of cancer in1991, but the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is partof WHO, has now reconsidered the evidence. It carried out a detailed review ofthe many studies published on the subject and found that coffee drinkers haveno reason to worry.
IARCalso investigated the herbal drink mate, also known as chimarrão or cimarrón, which is widely consumed in South America, where oesophagealcancer is more common than in other parts of the world. The experts found thatmate was not a cause of cancer, but they believe the temperature at which it isdrunk probably is – and that other very hot drinkscould also be linked to oesophageal cancer.
Whatcan we learn from the first two paragraphs?
(A)Some cancers maybe related to the temperature of gullet.
(B)The coffee mate may be the cause of oesophageal cancer.
(C)The reasercher may find some new evidence for cimarróncancer.
(D)The WHO may find some new cause for the cancer.
長難句解析：
Whatcan we learn from the first two paragraphs?
看好了四個都有may !
(A)Some cancers maybe related to the temperature of gullet.
文章中說的是：the temperature of drink!
偷換!
(B)The coffee mate may be the cause of oesophageal cancer.
應該是飲品的溫度!
(C)The reasercher may find some new evidence for cimarróncancer.
cimarrón cancer 我都不知道這是什麼癌症!是我拼湊的!
(D)The WHO may find some new cause for the cancer.
somenew cause= the temperature of drink!
同意替換!模糊替換!完美!所以D是正確選項!
六、Sadly, the spirit of inquiryonce at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities andsocial sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," orleft-liberal propaganda.
詞彙突破：
1.at home 熟悉的，盛行
2.propaganda 宣傳工具
3.progressive 激進的
長難句解析：A has been replaced by B.
A=the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus
B=the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing"progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.
參考譯文：令人感傷的是，曾經在大學校園裡流行並盛行被探究精神，被「使用人文和社會科學作為推行漸進的或者左派自由的宣傳之工具」所代替。
七、Today, professors routinelytreat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policyas the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classicalliberal ideas--such as free markets and self-reliance--as falling outside theboundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
長難句解析：
Professorsroutinely treat A as B (認為A是B)
while但是
Professorsportray C as D (認為C是D)
A=the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy
B=the proper subject of study
C=the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberalideas--such as free markets and self-reliance—
D=falling outside the boundaries of routine intellectualinvestigation,
andsometimes falling outside the boundaries of legitimate intellectualinvestigation.
參考譯文：今天的教授們通常會把對於歷史的進步的解讀已經漸進的公共政策作為恰當的研究對象;而認為保守的或者是經典的自由主義，比如自由市場或者自我的依賴，是在常規的知識探究範疇之外東西，有時甚至認為其是在正當的知識探究範疇外的東西。
八、How well the predictionswill be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of theinformation used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
詞彙突破：
be validated by 為……所證實
depends upon 取決於
reliability 可靠性
appropriateness 適應性
interpreted 解釋
長難句解析：
A depends upon B and on C
A取決於 B和C;
A= How well the predictions will be validated by later performance
這些測試在多大程度上為後來的表現所證實
B= the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used
所採用信息的數量、可靠性和適應性
C= wisdom with which it is interpreted.
解釋這些信息的技能和才智
參考譯文 ：這些測試在多大程度上為後來的表現所證實，這取決於所採用信息的數量、可靠性和適應性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。
九、"In short」，a leader of the new school contends，「thescientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series ofinstruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.」
詞彙突破：
1.aleader of the new school contends 一個新的學派的領軍人物認為
2.as we call it 我們所謂的
3.in innumerable directions 往無數的方向
4.instruments 工具
長難句解析：the scientific revolution was largely the improvement and inventionand use of a series of instruments
科學革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進、發明和使用
其他成分: that expanded the reach ofscience in innumerable directions
參考譯文：新學派的一位領袖人物堅持說：簡而言之，我們所謂的科學革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進、發明和使用，而這些改進、發明和使用使科學發展無所不及。
十、Mr. Pence said in astatement that he was 「offended by the words andactions described by Donald Trump」 in the video, andcast Mr. Trump’s second debate with Hillary Clinton, onSunday, as an urgent moment to turn around the campaign.
1.CastA as B 認為A是B
2.Turnaround 扭轉
參考譯文：彭斯先生在一個聲明中說道，視頻中的唐納德.川普的言語和行為讓他感到非常不適，並且認為周日川普同希拉蕊的第二場辯論是扳回選戰的關鍵時刻。
十一、A century ago Octavia Hilllaunched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save 「the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.」 It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces forleisure where they could experience 「a refreshing air.」 Hill’s pressure later led to the creationof national parks and green belts. They don’t makecountryside any more， and every year concrete consumesmore of it. It needs constant guardianship.
27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trustare now being___
[A]gradually destroyed.
[B]effectively reinforced.
[C]largely overshadowed.
[D]properly protected.
長難句解析：
①A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescuestylish houses but to save 「the beauty of naturalplaces for everyone forever.」
一個世紀以前，奧克塔威亞.希爾發起了國家自然保護組織，目的不是為了拯救那些華麗時尚的豪宅，而是「為所有人永久保留自然美的地方。」
②It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces forleisure/ where they could experience 「a refreshing air.」
它專門為城市居民提供了休閒的空間，在哪裡市民能體驗到「一絲清新空氣」。
③ Hill’s pressure later led to the creationof national parks and green belts.
後來，在Hill的呼籲之下，國家公園和綠化帶得以建成。
④They don’t make countryside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it.
而現在，他們不再建設鄉村，混泥土每年消耗更多的鄉村。
concrete consumes more of it. 混泥土每年消耗更多的鄉村
(這句話的意思就是在鄉村修建了更多的房屋，佔用了鄉村綠地。)
⑤It needs constant guardianship.
鄉村需要一直的保護。
27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trustare now being___
[A]gradually destroyed.
[B]effectively reinforced.
[C]largely overshadowed.
[D]properly protected.
建議大家把題幹和選項連在一起讀。這樣信息才完整!
A. The achievements of the National Trust are now being graduallydestroyed.
B.The achievements of the National Trust are now being effectivelyreinforced.
C The achievements of the National Trust are being largelyovershadowed.
D. The achievements of the National Trust are now being properlyprotected.
這四個句子的主語都是： achievements
定位到第四句：
④They don’t make countryside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it.
而現在，他們不再建設鄉村，混泥土每年消耗更多的鄉村。
(concrete consumes more of it. 混泥土每年消耗更多的鄉村)
the National Trust的成就就是保護了美麗的鄉村;
而現在鄉村被蓋上了更多的房子;所以這個成就就被破壞了。
強烈的幹擾項是：
C. The achievements of the National Trust are now being largelyovershadowed.
成就被大規模的遮蓋住了。
The achievements are now being largely overshadowed.
只有當一個更牛的成就出現以後才會說之前的成就被遮蓋住了。
所以這裡是不正確的。
十二、The vast consolidationwithin the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one railcompany. Railroads typically charge such 「captive」 shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroadis competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overchargedhave the right to appeal to the federal government’sSurface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive,time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.
[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad
[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide
[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief
[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business
長難句解析：
It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.
[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad
比較結果和原文相反。不選!
[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide
多數客戶由一家公司提供服務，不能說只有一家公司。
[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief
but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only intruly extreme cases.
這就是出題人接受的正話反說!正確答案!
[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business
Ensure這個詞在原文中沒有對應信息。
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