當我們用中文說起「大學」這個詞時,其中包含了不同類別、不同水平的諸多高校,這些學校從規模到學科,甚至是頒發的學位種類都有很大差別,叫法上也包含「學校」「學院」等不同的說法。
同樣的區別也存在於美國的高校中。在英語語境下,大學往往被統稱為「college」,「上大學」也是「go to college」,然而大多數情況下,我們看到的許多大學又是用「university」作為關鍵詞。
看到這裡,你一定忍不住會問:「那麼」College和University到底有何區別?」What's the difference between a college and a university?
Question
University 比 college 高大上?
答案是:不一定。二者之間不僅僅是學院和大學的區別那麼簡單哦。
上大學對任何一個年輕人來說都是人生大事。上大學這個短語讓人想起新獲得的獨立、接觸到的新視角、新知識,也許還能讓人想起初嘗酒的滋味。
Going off to college is a milestone in any young adult’s life. The phrase itself conjures up images of newfound independence, exposure to new perspectives, knowledge, and possibly even one or more sips of alcohol.
然而,在美國,很少有人用university來泛指「大學」,即使他們上的是哈佛大學。為什麼college成為指代中學後教育時普遍使用的術語?
In America, however, few people use the phrase 「going off to university,」 or 「headed to university,」 even if they are indeed about to set off for, say, Harvard University.
美國大學為什麼會有「College」和「University」兩種叫法? 首先我們要明白美國「college 」的含義。
Why did college become the predominant term for postsecondary education? And is there any difference between the two institutions?
College
外國人眼中的二者區別
在美國如果有人問你本科在哪裡讀,他們往往都會這樣問:「Where do you go to college」 (√)
而不是「Where do you go to university」 (X)
可見,Collge雖然被我們翻譯成」學院』,但是College真正的含義是指本科階段的教育。如哈佛、耶魯這些綜合性大學的本科都稱為「college」:
儘管university這個詞彙在這兩者中歷史更悠久,早在13世紀就產生了,但北美的學校和學生卻主要用college來指代大多數高校。這兩個詞沒有嚴格的定義,但卻有各自的屬性。
北美的college一般指提供本科學位(比如準學士學位或學士學位)的四年制大學。(社區學院通常是兩年制高校)。College一般不提供碩士或博士學位,學生規模通常也沒有university大。
Universities, on the other hand, tend to offer both undergraduate and graduate programs leading to advanced degrees for a larger group of students. They can also be comprised of several schools—referred to as colleges—under their umbrella.
A university could offer both a school of arts and sciences and a school of business. In general, a college do not offer master's or doctoral degrees, and students scale are not as large as a university.
University
大學的劃分和性質
University則一般都會提供本科和研究生課程,有更大的學生群體能獲得高級學位。University還可以包含college, 即學院。一所university旗下可能有藝術學院、科學學院和商學院。比如密西根大學(university)旗下就有工程學院(college)。
While many of these traits are common, they’re not guaranteed. Some colleges can be bigger than universities, some might offer master’s degrees, and so on. To complicate matters further, an institution that fits the criteria of a university might choose to call itself a college.
Both Dartmouth College and Boston College qualify as universities but use the college label owing to tradition. Schools may begin as colleges, grow into universities, but retain the original name.
differences
college VS. university
儘管兩者間通常是這種關係,但也有例外。一些college可能比university還大,一些college可能還會提供碩士學位。更複雜的是,一些符合university標準的高校也許會選擇自稱為college。有些高校一開始是college,後來發展成university,但仍保留原來的名字。
人們往往會認為university更有聲望更難進,但其實不能根據名稱來倉促判斷,因為變量太多。一些college對申請者的要求比university還要高。有些university可能比某些college還小。兩種高校都既可能是公立的,也可能是私立的。
People tend to think of a university as being more prestigious or harder to get into, but there are too many variables to make that determination at a glance. Some colleges might ask more of applicants than universities. Some universities might be smaller than certain colleges. Either one can be public or private.
儘管這兩個詞從嚴格意義上來講不能互換,但兩者的差別足以將二者區分開來。要知道,美國的一些州,比如新澤西州,對於高校取名有規定。在該州,一所高校至少必須有三個學科提供研究生學位才能自稱為university。
註:文中部分資料來源中國日報網,部分英文來源Mental Floss,圖片來源網絡,僅供文化交流與分享,版權歸屬原作者。
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