標點符號是英文表達的重要組成部分,然而很多學生都忽視了這一點,甚至將中英文標點混淆。
知米妞偷偷告訴大家,一些英文考試中,比如託福寫作,標點符號使用錯誤也是會被扣分的噢,所以為了不讓大家在這樣的細節問題上栽跟頭,今天我們一起捋一捋關於標點符號的那些事兒~
你看我,事無巨細的為你們操碎了心!!!
追本溯源來看,傳統的中文是沒有標點的,需要讀者自行斷句分詞(也就是所謂的「句讀」)。現代中文的標點其實從英文借鑑而來,所以中英文的標點與許多是相似的,以下列出常見的中英文標點符號。
英文最常見標點符號有:句號、逗號、問號、分號、冒號、引號
下面分別一一介紹:
英文名:full stop/period
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1. The period marks the end of a sentence.
句號用於一句話完全結束時。
2. The period is used with most abbreviations.
句號也可以用於英文單詞的縮寫,如Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。但要注意的是當縮寫的字母形成了一個單詞的時候就不要使用句點。如IBM, DNA 等。
3. Three spaced periods indicate the omission of one of more words within a quoted passage.
佔三個位置的句號(也就是省略號)通常用來表示省略。
英文名:comma
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1. Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses written in a series.
逗號用於分隔一系列的單詞詞組或者句子,如I will go to Shanghai,Beijing, and Shenzhen.
2. Use commas to separate two or more coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun. Be sure never to add an extra comma between the final adjective and the noun itself or to use commas with non-coordinate adjectives.
逗號用於修飾名詞的多個形容詞之間,但是最後一個形容詞和名詞之間以及非並列的形容詞之間,無需加逗號。如a small, fancy bike
3. Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet.
逗號用於連接兩個獨立子句,句子之間通常用and,but,for等連詞連接,而且每個句子的主語不同。如The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired.
4. Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause.逗號用於主句內容之前。如Since he’s your younger brother, please take care of him.
5. 逗號用於一個較長的修飾短語之後,如In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze.
6. Use a comma to shift between the main discourse and a quotation.
逗號用於直接引用的句子之前,如Mary said, 「Let’s go fishing.」
7. 逗號用於反問句之前。如:He worked very hard, didn’t he?
英文名:question mark
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正確打開方式
問號要用在一個直接的問句,而不是間接的。如How will you solve the problem? 是正確的用法,但用在I wonder how you will solve the problem?就不對了,應該使用句點而不是問號。
另外,在客氣的用語中,也是用句點而不是問號.如Will you please give me a call tomorrow.
英文名:semicolon
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正確打開方式
1. The semicolon is used between two coordinate clauses not linked by a conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet)
分號用於兩個並列句子之間,句子之間無需連詞。分號將句子劃分為兩層意思,但不及句號對句子劃分得那麼絕對。比如No one is born with knowledge; knowledge must be taught and learned. 另外,在使用諸如however, therefore, hence, nevertheless, thus, moreover等詞時,可與分號一起使用但不可與逗號一起使用。如I realize I need exercise; however, I』ll lie down first to think about it.
2. The semicolon is used to separate a series of items which contain internal commas.
在句子中如果已經使用過逗號,為了避免歧義的產生,就用分號來分隔相似的內容。如:The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee.
英文名:colon
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1.冒號用於對後面內容的介紹或解釋,如This is her plan: go shopping.
2.冒號用於名單之前,特別是一個豎排的名單。
We transferred three employees to new branches:
• Tony Wang to New York City
• Mike Jackson to Tokyo
• Mark Foster to Paris
當名單橫排的時候,冒號要用在一個完整的句子之後,如We need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a professor.
3.冒號用於一個正式的引用之前。如The professor said: 「It was horrible.」
4.冒號也可用於商業或正式信函的稱謂後面,如Dear Mr. Lee:(美國英語中,信件或演說詞的稱呼語之後用冒號,而在英國英語中多用逗號。)
5.冒號用於數字時間的表示,如16:45 或4:45 p.m.
6.冒號用於主標題和副標題之間,如Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data
英文名:Quotation Marks
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引號分單引號(single quotation marks) 和雙引號(double quotation marks) 。單引號只用在一個直接引語中所含有的另一個直接引語上。
1. 表示直接引語。句號和逗號必須置於引號(雙引號和單引號) 之內。「Well, 」the foreigner said to him ,「 you look like an engineer. 」冒號與分號必置於引號外。He told the gunman ,「I refuse to do that 」;his knees , however , were shaking even as he said those words.
She called this schedule of activities her 「load 」:work , study , exercise , recreation , and sleep.
問號、感嘆號和破折號有時置於引號之內, 有時置於外號之外。如果所引內容本身是疑問句或感嘆句或帶有破折號, 問號、感嘆號或破折號一般放在引號之內。否則,放在引號之外。
The teacher asked , 「Could you understand me」?
Did the teacher ask ,「Have they gone」?
Did the teacher ask ,「They have gone ?」
The frightened girl screamed ,「Help」!
The fellow only said ,「Sorry !」
He interrupted me , 「Now , listen」——and went on saying.
2. 標明短篇出版物的標題, 諸如雜誌、報紙上的文章、短詩、短篇故事和整部書的某一章節。
Have you read「The Old Man and the Sea」?
Chapter three is entitled「The Internet . 」
3. 表示所用的詞語具有特殊意義。另外,當俚語出現在較正式的文章中, 也用引號引起來, 以表示文風的有意轉變。
The report contained the「facts」of the case.
The speaker owns a「fat farm」in California , which slims down rich overeaters for $2 , 500 a week.
4. 用於表示引起讀者注意的詞語, 或讀者不熟悉的特殊詞語。
It is customary to say「You are welcome」 whenever anyone says「Thank you. 」
「SOS」is a message for help from a ship or aircraft when in danger.
看完這些內容之後,你們有沒有get到英文標點符號的正確打開方式呢!記得在實踐中檢驗噢~
最後的溫馨提示:英文標點符號之後一般必須空格!