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When it comes to workplace hand injuries, some industries are more dangerous than others. What are you doing to keep your workforce safe?
提到工作場所的手部傷害，某些行業確實要比其他行業要危險得多，為確保員工的安全，你正在做什麼？
Do you simply give employees a good pair of cut-resistant gloves and tell 'em to be careful?Are you overlooking key steps to preventing workplace hand injuries long before your employees even walk through the door?
你只會扔給員工一副防割手套，然後告訴他「當心一點」嗎？即便走過門口，你會遠在你的員工之前無視防止工作場所的手部受傷的關鍵步驟麼？
Here is a seven-step safety approach that EHS leaders can and should take to prevent workers from becoming just another hand injury statistic.
以下是每個安全的領導者可以而且應該採取的可以避免員工成為另一個手部傷害的主角的「安全七步法」。
Step 1: Eliminate the Hazard
第一步：消除危害
Chances are,the idea of eliminating a workplace hazard sounds either obvious or silly to a safety professional. But the truth is, it's the absolute easiest and best wayto reduce on-the-job injuries.
對於安全人來講，消除工作場所的危害的這個主意聽起來要麼是顯而易見的，要麼就是很無知，而事實上，這恰恰是最早且最好的方式去減少在崗傷害。
So how do you go about eliminating hazards?
你如何去著手消除危害？
The first step is to see if there are any hazards that you can remove with engineering orjob controls. According to OSHA, many industries have found successful ways to eliminate hazards and improve employee safety.
第一步，就是去看是否有些危害你可以通過工程或者作業控制的方法去加以消除。根據OSHA（美國職業安全與健康管理局）的說法，很多行業已經發現成功的方法去消除危害，去改善員工的安全。
The agencysays, "These interventions have included modifying existing equipment,making changes in work practices and purchasing new tools or other devices to assist in the production process. Making these changes has reduced physical demands, eliminated unnecessary movements, lowered injury rates and the irassociated workers' compensation costs and reduced employee turnover."
OSHA稱，這些幹預手段已經包含改造現有設備、改變工作方法、採購新工具或其他裝備，去輔助生產工藝。通過這些改變已經減少了對於物料的需求，消除了不必要的動作，降低了人員受傷比率和相關工人的補償金，並減少了員工的流動量。
OSHA goes on to say, "Controlling a hazard at its source is the best way to protect employees." An example of doing so would be building a barrier between thehazard and the employee (engineering control) or changing the way in which employees perform their work (administrative control).
OSHA繼續稱，在源頭上控制危害是保護員工的最佳方式。舉個例子，可以通過過程控制的方法在危害與員工之間建立障礙，或者通過行政控制的手段改變員工的工作方式。
Of course,not every hazard will be able to be eliminated. But that's exactly what the six remaining steps are for.
當然，並非所有的危害都能被消除的，這也是後面的6個步驟需要解決的問題！
Step 2: Upgrade Equipment
第二步：升級設備
Using outdated equipment can increase the danger of a hazard that can't otherwise be eliminated. Assess your workplace equipment with the help of a safety expert to determine whether upgrades or updates could help prevent injuries.
使用老掉牙的設備無疑會增加危害的危險性，另一方面危害也不能被消除。在安全專家的幫助下評估工作場所的設備，決定是否需要升級或者更新設備以預防傷害。
Joanne Zaraliakos, a safety supervisor at U.S. Steel Canada, observed the benefits of upgrading equipment firsthand: "U.S. Steel has also found opportunities to replace older, heavier and less ergonomically designed equipment with newer,ergonomically correct models. For example…the substitution of open blade knives with rounded-end box cutters that do not directly expose employees' hands to the blade."
JoanneZaraliakos是加拿大的美國鋼鐵公司的安全主管，他目睹了升級設備帶來的直接好處，他說：美國鋼鐵也已經發現了更換舊設備的機會，用新設備去替換較重及不太符合人體工程學設計的設備，這符合人體工程學的模式。比如，用圓形的端盒刀具替換開口刀，這樣不會把員工的手直接暴露到刀刃上。
Step 3: Re-Engineer Equipment
第三步：重造設備
Engineering or administrative controls always should be considered first when seeking to eliminate workplace hazards.Some examples of this are moving employees away from noisy equipment to eliminate noise exposure, installing two-handed safety control interlocks and light curtains to stop equipment from running when hands are in a danger zone or using ventilation systems to help control or eliminate air contaminants.
在尋求消除工作場所危害時，應該首先考慮工程及行政控制的手段。這方面的例子，諸如，讓員工遠離嘈雜的設備消除噪音，如果手在危險區域，可以通過安裝雙手安全控制聯鎖和光柵來使得設備停止運行，或使用通風系統幫助控制或消除空氣汙染物。
"Everyday, new tools are being engineered with employee input to promote correct posture and healthy movement while performing tasks," adds Zaraliakos."These efforts are critical to preventing repetitive motion injuries and reducing the need for employees to do 'restricted work.'"
Zaraliakos補充道：每天工作時，新的工具被設計，用來促進員工採取正確的姿勢和健康的動作，這些對於防止重複動作帶來的上海至關重要，且能減少員工必須實施「受限工作」。
Step 4: Training
第四步：培訓
Notice that step four is the first step where employees actually are involved at all.Training plays a critical role in preventing workplace injuries. Safety training shows an organization's commitment to workplace safety and encourages an organizational culture of safety.
請注意，該步驟實際上是員工參與的第一步，培訓在防止工作場所受傷方面起著重要的作用，安全培訓展示出一個組織對於工作場所安全的承諾，激勵組織的安全文化。
Think outside the box when it comes to hand safety training. The secret to training successis to make training interesting enough to be memorable. During its hand safety training, U.S. Steel wanted to demonstrate to employees how serious hand injuries can be. To do this, employees were asked to perform simple daily tasks, like opening a jar of peanut butter or putting on a work shirt, without using their fingers or hands.
提及手部安全培訓，我們可以換一個角度想一下。培訓成功的訣竅在於需要使得培訓生動且容易讓受眾記住，在美國鋼鐵手部安全培訓期間，公司想向員工展示手部手部受傷有多嚴重，為達到預期，員工們被要求做一些簡單的日常事務，比如像打開一罐花生醬或穿上一件工作襯衫，但不能用他們的手指或手。
Always remember that training shouldn't be a one-time affair, but an ongoing conversation between employees and safety leaders. Consider holding quarterlysafety workshops or sending around monthly safety newsletters to help keep hand safety top of mind.
請務必牢記，培訓不是一次性的，培訓應該是員工與安全領導者之間的持續對話。可以考慮召開季度安全專題討論會，或者發送月度安全簡報，讓員工謹記手部防護。
Step 5: Enforce Policies and Procedures第五步：實施政策與程序
Talking about and training for safety does little good if there's no method of enforcing policies and procedures. And although repercussions may be a necessary tactic for those who ignore safety rules, it's rewarding good, safe behavior that EHS professionals find to be the most effective method for encouraging compliance.
如果在政策及程序方面沒有實施的方法，談論或者培訓安全都不會很好。對於那些忽視安全準則的人而言，或許反擊是必要的策略，獎勵做的好的，EHS專業人員發現人的安全行為是遵守安全政策與程序的最有效的方法。
We've seen several excellent examples this year of safety leaders recognizing individuals or groups of employees when they achieve safety milestones. Some of these include creating a new trophy or award, providing perks such as rock star parking or extra vacation time, or even hosting a steak dinner for the entire workforce.
我們注意到今年的一些不錯的案例，比如，當員工在安全上達到一定轉折點時，安全的領導者會認可員工個人或者團體。包括，為這些團體或個人製作獎盃，或者製作獎品，提供津貼比如，搖滾明星停車或額外的假期，甚至為整個員工團體提供牛排晚餐。
Step 6: Provide Adequate PPE
Chance are, you've heard it before: Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be your last line of defense against workplace hand injuries, not your first. But that certainly doesn't mean it's not an essential step. In fact, 70 percent of workplace hand injuries occur because workers aren't wearing gloves at the time of the injury.
你在之前應該有大量的機會聽過這樣的說法-「PPE（個人防護用品）是防止工作場所手部受傷的最後一道防線，而不是第一道防線」，但並不是說現在我們說的關於PPE的第六步就不重要，事實上，工作場所發生手部受傷事件，其中有70%是由於工人在受傷時並沒有佩戴手套。
Reluctance to wear gloves isthe biggest hurdle to overcome in this step toward safety excellence. In addition to training employees on how gloves can save their digits, consider trying new gloves that better meet their needs. Bulkiness, sweating hands and lack of grip are common complaints workers cite when explaining why they choose not to wear cut-resistant gloves, for example.
不願意戴手套是克服這一步走向安全的最大障礙。除了培訓員工關於手套如何可以挽救他們的手指外，考慮下讓他們嘗試新的手套，以更好地滿足他們的需求。比如，被問為什麼不戴防割手套時，員工普遍抱怨的是：手套太大，容易出手汗和不好抓東西。
Recent advancements in technology make gloves today lighter, more comfortable, more breathable and safer than ever before. For example, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) is 15 times stronger than steel and offers level 5 cut protection. New materials like UHMWPE feel cool, comfortable and light weight, while providing resistance to cuts, abrasions, chemicals, water, humidity and UV light.
科技的發展使得今天的手套更加輕薄，更加舒適，透氣性更好，並且比之前要更加安全。比如，超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）強度是鋼的15倍，提供了5級防割。新材料如聚乙烯感到涼爽，舒適，輕便，同時提供抗割傷，擦傷，化學品，水，溼度和紫外線。
Step 7: Evaluate and revise第七步：評估與修訂Safety excellence is an ongoing journey. Make it a point to evaluate what's working and what isn't and revise your method accordingly. In a recent article, safety consultant Joseph Werbicki spoke to this point: "The only thing that we possibly can find ofvalue in accidents is what we can learn from them. Are operating procedures inneed of change? Is training adequate? Are there uncorrected unsafe conditions or unsafe behaviors? Accident investigations are a must if we want to identify the root causes of accidents and prevent their recurrence."
安全永無止境，特別需要注意「哪些有用」、「哪些沒用」，並相應修正自己的方法。在最近的一篇文章中，安全顧問JosephWerbicki對於這一點是這樣講的：「我們能從事故中發現的價值可能就是從事故中學點東西。操作程序需要變更嗎？培訓是否足夠？是否有不安全狀態或不安全行為？如果我們需要識別事故發生的根本原因，預防事故重複發生，事故調查是我們必須要做的事」。
Take time to review your safety successes and failures, determine what's driving them, and revise your safety strategy at least once a year.
花點時間去看看安全上的成敗，查明促成因素是什麼，至少每年修正安全策略。
Like all safety goals,achieving zero hand injuries in the workplace takes a commitment. Following theseven steps outlined here, you'll be well on your way and your workforce will be safer, happier and more productive as a result.
像所有的安全目標一樣，實現零手部受傷在工作場所需要一個承諾。跟隨以上列出的七步，結果是：你的方式會很好，你的工人會更安全，更快樂，且更有效率。
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