教育部日前召開新聞發布會介紹高中三科統編教材情況。今年9月起,高中思想政治、語文、歷史三科統編教材將在北京、上海、天津、山東、海南、遼寧6個省(市)率先使用。其他省市也將在2022年前全部使用新教材。
"The new Chinese textbooks boast a selection of 67 classic works of ancient poetry and prose that account for 49.3 percent of all articles," said Wen Rumei, editor-in-chief of the new Chinese textbooks, at a press conference held by the Ministry of Education (MOE) on Tuesday.
普通高中語文教材總主編溫儒敏介紹,新的統編語文教材中,共選入古代詩文67篇(首),佔全部課文數的49.3%。
【詞彙講解】
這些名詞均含「文章」或「論文」之意。Composition多指學校裡老師給學生的作文練習;article多指在報刊、雜誌上發表的非文藝性的文章,包括新聞報導、學術論文等;prose專指散文。Paper是美式英語,對應的英式英語是essay,在大學裡一般都指文章,作為考試成績的一部分,不是專著性的論文。而thesis和dissertation在中文裡都可以翻譯為論文、畢業論文,有時也可以互換使用,表示博士論文或者碩士論文。不過嚴格地說,英國大學和美國大學對這兩個詞的使用和定義很不一樣,可以說正好相反:英國的博士論文一般都是thesis,指有創見性的專著性論文,碩士論文是dissertation;而在美國dissertation表示最高一層的、深入的、有獨創性的畢業論文,即博士論文,thesis則多指碩士論文。
據悉,語文新教材精選了反映中華優秀傳統文化的經典名篇(classic articles featuring traditional Chinese culture),從古風、民歌(folk music)、絕句(quatrains)、律詩(metrical verse)到詞曲,從諸子散文到歷史散文(proses),從兩漢論文、魏晉辭賦到唐宋明清古文,從文言小說(classical novels)到白話小說(vernacular novels),均有呈現。
The textbook puts special emphasis on China's revolutionary history, including five articles written by late Chinese leader Mao Zedong and five articles by prominent modern Chinese writer Lu Xun, who was a leading figure in the New Culture Movement in the 1910s, Wen said.
溫儒敏表示,語文教材選取反映革命歷史的作品,其中包括毛澤東的5篇(首)文章,以及上世紀初「新文化運動」先鋒魯迅的5篇文章。
It also includes more than 10 foreign classic articles as well as those reflecting China's achievements, he added.
教材也選入了十多篇外國文學文化經典作品,以及反映我國發展成就的作品。
針對背誦問題,溫儒敏說,古詩文的背誦數不是很多,「高中要求背誦的古詩文才20篇,如果以三年來算,平均每個學年背誦六七篇,並不是很多。」
說到那些年背過的古詩詞,相信每個人都有屬於自己的記憶。不如跟我們一起回顧其中兩篇吧,順便欣賞一下名家翻譯的英文版。
蘇軾《水調歌頭》
明月幾時有?把酒問青天。
不知天上宮闕,今夕是何年?
我欲乘風歸去,又恐瓊樓玉宇,高處不勝寒。
起舞弄清影,何似在人間。
轉朱閣,低綺戶,照無眠。
不應有恨,何事長向別時圓?
人有悲歡離合,月有陰晴圓缺,此事古難全。
但願人長久,千裡共嬋娟。
許淵衝先生譯作:
How long will the full moon appear?
Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky.
I do not know what time of the year
』Twould be tonight in the palace on high.
Riding the wind, there I would fly,
Yet I’m afraid the crystalline palace would be
Too high and cold for me.
I rise and dance, with my shadow I play.
On high as on earth, would it be as gay?
The moon goes round the mansions red
Through gauze-draped window soft to shed
Her light upon the sleepless bed.
Why then when people part, is the oft full and bright?
Men have sorrow and joy; they part or meet again;
The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.
There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.
So let us wish that man
Will live long as he can!
Though miles apart, we』ll share the beauty she displays.
沁園春 長沙(1925 年)
毛澤東
獨立寒秋,湘江北去,橘子洲頭。
看萬山紅遍,層林盡染;漫江碧透,百舸爭流。
鷹擊長空,魚翔淺底,萬類霜天競自由。
悵寥廓,問蒼茫天地,誰主沉浮?
攜來百侶曾遊,憶往昔崢嶸歲月稠。
恰同學少年,風華正茂;書生意氣,揮斥方遒。
指點江山,激揚文字,糞土當年萬戶侯。
曾記否,到中流擊水,浪遏飛舟!
許淵衝先生譯作:
CHANGSHA Tune:「 SPRING IN A PLEASURE GARDEN」(1925)
In autumn cold stand I
Of Orange Islet at the head
Where River Xiang northward goes by
I see hill on hill all in red
And wood on wood in a deep dye
The river green down to the bed
In speed a hundred barges vie
Far and wide eagles cleave the blue
Up and down fish in shallows glide
All creatures strive for freedom under frosty skies
Lost in immensity
I wonder who
Upon this boundless earth, decide
All beings』 fall and rise
With many friends I oft came here
How thick with salient days the bygones times appear
When, students in the flower of our age
Our spirit bright was at its height
Full of the scholar s notable rage
We criticized with all our might
Pointing to stream and hill
Writing in blame or praise
We treat d like dirt all mighty lords of old days
Do you remember still
Swimming mid-stream,we struck waves to impede
That boats which passed at flying speed?
(中國日報網英語點津 Helen)
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