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評述:今年的翻譯難度中等,原文選自William Allan Neilson的著作 The Facts about Shakespeare,出題人對原文略有改動。本文考察伊莉莎白時代歐洲文學戲劇的發展。長難句翻譯依舊遵照切分-重組-整合翻譯法:先找主幹,理解句子大意,再分析修飾成分,尤其是定語的翻譯。其他成分順著翻,最後再整理順序和增減詞彙。接著再對從句進行分析,本次翻譯仍然重點考察定語從句和狀語從句。
(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.
解析:主幹: Europe was witnessing the passing and the creation; by the…birth做時間狀語;and並列drama和creation一起修飾passing; under…comedy介詞短語作狀語;
翻譯:在他出生之時,歐洲的宗教戲劇正在衰落,在古典悲劇和喜劇的衝擊之下,產生了各種新形式的喜劇。
(47) and no boy who went to grammar school could be ignorant that the drama is a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to the England.
解析:主幹: no boy could be ignorant;本句考察定語從句,若定從太長,可考慮重複先行詞,分開翻譯;ignorant無知的、愚昧的;
翻譯:上過文法學校的男孩不可能會不知道戲劇是文學的一種形式,這種形式曾經為希臘和羅馬帶來榮耀,也可能將會給英格蘭帶來榮耀。
(48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.
解析:主幹: But the professional companies prospered…, and university men were quick to turn to these theaters companies在這裡不是公司或陪伴的意思,結合上下文,應該是劇團的意思; with…ambitions介詞短語做定語修飾men;turn to是求助於、投靠於; livelihood 生計;
翻譯:但是專業劇團在其常駐劇院盛極一時,就連當時有文學抱負的大學人士也很快投靠到這些劇院,以維持自己的生計。
(49) a native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouse established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
解析:本句為and引導的並列句;考察被動語態;
翻譯:本土文學戲劇就這樣成型了,與公共劇場緊密聯繫在一起,至少一些偉大的傳統也誕生了。
(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work had survived.
解析:主幹we must remember that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note;本句and並列兩個賓語從句; to do不定式做狀語;考察賓語從句、定語從句;
翻譯:要認識到戲劇的偉大之處,我們必須牢記:許多戲劇作品已經消失殆盡,或許大家之作也很難得以完整保存下來。
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