在備考考研英語的過程中,英語翻譯著實重要,如何能夠利用足夠短的時間,翻譯出更為準確的句子,相信是很多考生想要了解的。
英語常用並列連詞,如and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or, not only…but also, either…or或 neither…nor等連接兩個或幾個同等成分,這種結構稱為並列結構。連接的同等成分可以是兩個或幾個動詞的賓語、兩個或幾個名詞的定語、兩個或幾個介詞短語等。如果並列連詞連接的是兩個或幾個簡單句,則構成一個並列句,使用並列結構可以使文字簡潔,結構緊湊,並避免重複。
1. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women.
分析:句中由by引導的三個並列平行結構表示原因。treated as…結構使用了倒裝結構,因為the family roles後面有修飾成分,故將其置後。
譯文:而個人主義的方法由於攻擊性別角色,否定生理差別的重要性,攻擊現存的家庭體制是不可救藥的父權制,結果把對許多婦女來說非常重要的家庭角色完全視為無關緊要了。
2. There is no complete inventory of positions or people in federal service at this level. The lack may be explained by separate agency statutes and personnel systems, diffusion among so many special services, and the absence of any central point (short of President himself) with jurisdiction over all upper-level personnel of the government.
分析:介詞by 後面的separate…personnel systems, diffusion…special services和the absence of…the government為三個並列成分。表示缺少詳細記載的原因。句中一些詞要轉譯。
譯文:這個級別的聯邦政府官員和職位沒有完整的記載。對此(缺少詳細記載)所做的解釋可能是,各部門的條例和人事制度各不相同,分布的特殊服務部門太多並缺少一個中心機構(總統本人除外)來管理所有的政府高級官員。
3. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell.
分析:動詞consider 後面的賓語是the wants of the customer。 非限定性定語從句who must buy… 修飾the customer,not the thing …but the thing…是並列成分。
4. The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress.
分析:該句中,to aid in 後面跟了四個並列的動名詞,而四個並列的動名詞後又跟了三個並列的賓語。
譯文:廣泛用來藉以對學生、僱員和軍事人員進行選拔、分類、分配任務或提拔的教育或心理方面的標準化測試,最近受到了書報雜誌,甚至國會的抨擊。
5. The lack of insistence on personal honor, the surface informality, the disparaging responses to compliments, and willingness to admit mistakes are part of the egalitarian tradition, as are the Americans』 pride in what they have been able to achieve and their criticism of things that fall short of perfection.
分析:該句的主句由四個並列的名詞短語做主語,即The lack of insistence…,the surface informality, the disparaging responses…和willingness to admit mistakes。另外,值得一提的是, as 引導的比較狀語從句使用了倒裝語序。這是為了保持句子平衡。
譯文:美國人一方面對所取得的成就感到自豪,一方面又對未臻完美的事物進行批評,這是其平等主義傳統的一部分;同樣,他們不堅持個人的面子,不拘表面的禮節,對別人的稱讚採取自貶的態度,以及願意承認錯誤,也是其平等主義傳統的一部分。