but 與 all, anything 和 everything 扯不清的關係

2020-12-11 外語行天下

#英語易混詞或詞組#

相信大家對 all but, anything but, everything but 這三個組合都不陌生,雖然 all, anything 和 everything 三者意思很接近,但是自從跟了 but 之後,它們的本意經常被當作其他慣用意思。

but 的其中一個意思跟 except 一樣,所以 all but, anything but 和 everything but 三者的本意都有「除…之外」的意思,例如:

Were all your friends there? Yes, all but Joey.

你所有的朋友都在嗎?是的,除了喬伊。

What would you like to eat? I want anything but the chocolate cake.

你想吃什麼?除了巧克力蛋糕我什麼都要。

Would you like me to gift-wrap everything? Everything but the candles, please.

你要我把所有東西都包起來嗎?除了蠟燭以外,其他的都要。

一、all but 意為「幾乎,差不多」,相當於 almost 和 nearly,雖然這個意思感覺有一萬個不妥,但是不好意思,它就是這個意思,例如:

He was all but lost in the city.

他在城裡幾乎迷路了。

解析:此句可以改成:He was almost/nearly lost in the city. 改完之後是不是感覺一下子天晴了?

It was all but impossible.

這幾乎是不可能的。

二、anything but 意為「根本不,絕不,遠非;除…之外」,相當於 not at all 和 in no way,它既可以修飾人,也可以修飾物,我知道這樣的意思也感覺怪怪的,但是它就是這個意思,例如:

They were anything but positive about the proposition.

他們對這個提議一點也不積極。

解析:此句可以改成:They weren't positive about the proposition at all. 是不是感覺瞬間打通了任督二脈?

He is anything but a poet.

他絕不是詩人。

三、最後出場的是 everything but,這個相對比較好理解一點,意為「除了」,相當於 everything expect,就是它原本的意思,例如:

I eat everything but meat.

除了肉我什麼都吃。

解析:若始終看不慣此句中的 but,可以直接改成 I eat everything except meat. 這樣是不是更貼近常規表達方式呢?

She wants everything but happiness for other people.

除了幸福,她什麼都要。

注意:對於這樣的組合所慣用的意思,記住它就可以了,不要去深究為什麼是這樣,除非是專門研究這類的。

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