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Myth busted: People smell as well as dogs
闢謠：誰說人類嗅覺不如狗?科學家說人的嗅覺不比狗差
Rutgers University neuroscientist John McGann reviewed research and historical writings he says led to the misconception that human sense of smell is inferior, according to the report in the journal Science.
根據《科學》雜誌的報告，羅格斯大學神經科學家約翰·麥克甘(John McGann)回顧研究和歷史著作，稱這些結論導致了人類嗅覺不佳的誤解。
"For so long people failed to stop and question this claim, even people who study the sense of smell for a living," he said.
他說：「因為這麼長時間的人們沒有停下來質疑這個說法，即使是那些專門研究嗅覺的人也是如此。」
"The fact is the sense of smell is just as good in humans as in other mammals, like rodents and dogs."
「事實上，與其他哺乳動物，如齧齒動物和狗一樣，人類的嗅覺一樣好。」
Humans have long been believed capable of detecting about 10,000 different odors. In fact, the number is closer to one trillion, McGann said.
人類長期以來一直被認為有能力檢測到大約10000種不同的氣味。實際上，這個數字更接近一萬億，麥克甘說。
A 19th-century brain surgeon and anthropologist named Paul Broca provided the origin of the myth about humans』 poor sense of smell, according the Science report said.
《科學》報導說，19世紀的腦外科醫生和人類學家保羅·布羅卡(Paul Broca)提供了關於人類嗅覺較差的神話起源。
In his 1879 writings, Broca cited the smaller volume of humans』 olfactory area in the brain compared to other, larger parts.
在他的1879年的著作中，布羅卡將大腦中人體嗅覺面積的體積較小與其他物種的該部分體積更大相比。
It meant that humans had free will and didn’t have to rely on smell to survive like dogs and other mammals, he argued.
他認為這意味著人類有自由意志，而且不用像狗和其他哺乳動物那樣依靠嗅覺來生存。
Broca’s theory even influenced the Austrian neurologist and father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud, who believed people’s lack of smell makes them more susceptible to mental illness.
布羅卡的理論甚至影響了奧地利神經病學家和心理分析之父佛洛依德(Sigmund Freud)，他認為人們缺乏嗅覺使其更容易患精神病。
"It has been a long cultural belief that in order to be a reasonable or rational person, you could not be dominated by a sense of smell," McGann said.
麥克甘說：「要成為一個合理或理性的人，你不能依賴嗅覺，這成為一個很久遠的文化信仰。」
"Smell was linked to earthly animalistic tendencies."
「嗅覺與地球動物主義傾向有關。」
The human olfactory bulb makes up just 0.01 percent of the brain’s volume compared to two percent in mice, McGann said.
麥克甘說，人類嗅球只佔大腦體積的0.01%，而小鼠嗅球則有2%。
But its absolute size in people is actually quite large -- in adults it can reach around two inches (60 millimeters) -- and has a similar number of neurons compared to those of other mammals.
但在人腦中的絕對體積實際上是相當大的，在成年人身上，它可以達到約兩英寸(60毫米)，與其他哺乳動物相比，神經元數量相似。
The difference between humans, dogs and rodents when it comes to sense of smell may come down to different sensitivities to certain odors.
人，狗和齧齒動物之間對嗅覺的差異可能在於對某些具體氣味的敏感度不同。
"We are capable of tracking odor trails, and our behavioral and affective states are influenced by our sense of smell," McGann wrote.
麥克甘寫道：「我們有能力跟蹤氣味，我們的行為和情感狀態受到我們的嗅覺的影響。」
But although humans may be better at sniffing fine wines, dogs are likely to keep excelling at analyzing the various types of urine on offer at the nearest fire hydrant.
雖然人類可能更擅長嗅聞上好的葡萄酒，但是狗對於分析消防栓上散發的各種類型的尿液的味道更擅長。