20210220-backfire

2021-02-23 趣味英語單詞解析

華為二公主姚安娜籤約出道的首支單曲,名字就叫《Backfire》。

back + fire,字面意思是後面冒火,一般指汽車引擎燃燒不順暢,從排氣管排出的異常爆響。

Use the word backfire when you talk about the sound a car makes when a small explosion in its exhaust system pops — sometimes as loudly as a gunshot.

Hearing a car's backfire can make you jump, because it makes a sharp, shot-like sound. A backfire is usually caused by unburned fuel, and it can be accompanied by a burst of flame and a brief loss of power in the vehicle, as well as a fairly loud noise. 

這個單詞,最開始指的是一種頗特殊的滅火方法。當發生森林大火,火勢失去控制時,在火勢延燒的.方向的前方,除了清出一條防火巷(fire alley)之外,並且引燃另一場火,讓它燒回去(burn back)。兩股火勢碰頭時,也就是燃料燒盡而不得不熄滅的時候。可是這種方法有它的危險性,就是新點燃的火要能完全掌握,場地和環境等要整理得很徹底。不然就很可能把一場火災變成兩場火災。

The word comes from an American English term that originally referred to a fire deliberately set to slow the progress of a prairie or forest fire.

「以火滅火」,如果沒能滅火,反而越燒越旺,就會弄巧成拙了。因此,backfire 也喻指:事情沒有按照原定計劃發展,收到了相反的效果。這裡目前backfire最常用的含義。

另外,有一個與 backfire 構造很象的詞:backlash,表示反撲,好象你去鞭打(lash)對方,結果對方起而反撲,奪去鞭子反過來鞭打你一樣。When many people react against something in the same way, you can call it a backlash. A backlash against government policies can result in mass protests.

When people get angry enough about something — or just tired of hearing about it — the result can be a backlash. An influx of refugees to a city can cause a backlash against immigration, and the popularity of a particular style of music might eventually cause a backlash against it. A true backlash involves many people acting together. The original, 1815 meaning of backlash was "recoil between parts of a machine." It wasn't until the 1950's that the figurative meaning came into use.


lash:鞭打。A lash is a sharp slap or strike with a rope or whip. In some parts of the world, lawbreakers receive a certain number of lashes as punishment for their crimes.

注意,新加坡的鞭刑,英文是: caning,是 cane 這個詞的動詞形式。

cane是手杖、藤條的意思,本身也有動詞的意思:用荊條打。而 sugarcane 就是:甘蔗。

我們回到 lash。eye+lash 構成 eyelash,意思就是 眼睫毛。

splash:潑灑。A splash is a tiny amount of a liquid. You might, for example, prefer your coffee with just a splash of cream. A splash can be wet, like a splash of lemonade in your tea, or it can be bright, like a splash of yellow across the oil painting you're working on. You can also use splash as a verb, as when you splash your sunbathing brother with swimming pool water. 

Start where you are. Use what you have. Do what you can. 

---Arthur Ashe 

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