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中美走向合作的大勢是擋不住的
The Trend Toward China-US Cooperation Is Unstoppable
——樂玉成副部長在外交學會與美國亞洲協會共同舉辦的中美關係視頻對話上的致辭
– Remarks by Vice Foreign Minister Le Yucheng at the Video Dialogue on Sino-US Relations Co-hosted by the Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs and the Asia Society
2020年7月8日
8 July 2020
Prime Minister Kevin Rudd,很高興出席中美關係視頻對話。新冠疫情下，面對面交流暫時還是奢望，只能通過視頻向各位新老朋友問安。很期待聽到大家的真知灼見。I am delighted to join you today for this Dialogue on Sino-US Relations. While the ongoing COVID-19 has made it a luxury to meet in person, it is good to see my friends, both old and new, virtually. I very much look forward to your valuable insights.最近，我參加了不少研討會，中美關係始終是熱門話題。面對百年大變局和世紀大災疫，面對各種層出不窮的新威脅、新挑戰，世界都很期待中美密切合作、積極互動，以化解危機，而現實卻是美方越來越突出對華「戰略競爭」，宣揚「脫鉤」、「新冷戰」，從而使危機雪上加霜。中美關係也因此被推向十字路口，面臨何去何從的歷史性抉擇。中美關係下一步怎麼走？林肯總統曾經說過，預測未來最好的辦法就是創造未來。中美關係的未來肇始於當下的每一個判斷和決定，在座的各位都肩負這樣的責任和使命。我有幾點思考和大家分享。Recently, I have attended quite a number of seminars, all of which have China-US relations as a fixture topic. In the face of the once-in-a-century changes, a pandemic never seen before, and constantly emerging new threats and challenges, the world is looking to China and the United States to provide answers to these crises through close cooperation and active interaction. But in reality, the US is getting more and more obsessed with 「strategic competition」, 「decoupling」 and a 「new cold war」 with China, worsening the whole situation even further.As a result, the China-US relationship has found itself to stand at a crossroads, with a historic choice about its future hanging in the air. Where will China-US relations be heading? President Abraham Lincoln once said, the best way to predict the future is to create it. The future of China-US relations will be shaped by every assessment and every decision to be made today. It is a responsibility and mission that falls on each and every one of us. In this context, I』d like to share with you some of my observations:一、中美關係回不到過去，但不能因此全盤否定過去。中美關係凝聚了兩國領導人包括美民主、共和兩黨歷屆政府的智慧與心血，是幾代人共同努力奠定的基礎，也包含了在座各位的付出與貢獻。中美關係為兩國人民帶來沉甸甸、看得見的好處。過去40多年僅雙邊貿易就增長250多倍，中國是美國最重要x的出口市場之一，支撐了美國內約260萬個就業崗位。累計7.25萬家美企在華投資興業，絕大多數都賺了大錢。更不用說中美關係為應對全球性挑戰、促進亞太和世界和平發展所發揮的舉足輕重的作用。因此，全面否定過去40年的中美關係，說什麼「對華接觸政策」失敗了，美國吃虧了，這完全不符合事實，也站不住腳。1. While China-US relations cannot return to its past, its achievements in the old days should not be dismissed. China-US relations has come this far because of the wisdom and efforts of the leaders of the two countries as well as the successive US administrations, both Democratic and Republican. The foundation of the relationship is built with generations of hard work, including the dedication and contributions from all of you.This relationship has delivered enormous, tangible benefits to both peoples. The past 40-plus years have witnessed a more than 250-fold increase in bilateral trade. As a major market for US exports, China has supported around 2.6 million American jobs. A total of 72,500 US companies have investments in China, and the overwhelming majority of them have made a fortune. Needless to mention the critical role of China-US relations in tackling global challenges and promoting peace and development in the Asia-Pacific and beyond.All things considered, it couldn’t be farther away from facts to negate the merits of China-US relations in the past four decades, and say the 「engagement policy」 has failed, and that the US has been ripped off.二、中美競爭不應是「零和遊戲」，所謂為打壓中國不惜付出「成比例代價」的思維很危險。美方嘴上一直講市場精神、公平競爭，但行動上卻是「武大郎開店——不容大個兒」，不允許別人比自己更優秀、更有競爭力。中國在自身快速發展的同時，對世界的貢獻有目共睹，連續多年對世界經濟增長貢獻率超過30%，對全球減貧貢獻率超過70%。中國不輸出難民，更沒有輸出戰爭。然而這樣一個名副其實的「優等生」，美國不僅不認可，還不遺餘力地打壓遏制，聲稱要「將中國打回40年前的原形」，這是多麼陰暗的心理！包括對華為這樣優秀的中國民營企業，美方不是想著用更好的產品把華為比下去，而是藉口「國家安全」不擇手段把競爭者打下去。甚至在人文交流領域美方也越來越歇斯底裡，監控學者，驅趕記者，抓捕留學生，關閉孔子學院。許多中國學者和留學生反映，現在去美國成了一件很冒險的事，過美國海關要被FBI搜身、盤問，甚至可能因莫須有的罪名被抓被扣，感覺很恐怖。連美國自己的教授，僅僅因為同中方有過正常的學術交流，就被解聘甚至被捕入獄。這讓人懷疑麥卡錫主義是不是又回來了？！中美關係攸關兩國和人類的前途命運，不能被麥卡錫這樣的極端分子所綁架，不能讓他們把中美關係帶進死胡同。2. Competition between China and the US shouldn’t be a 「zero-sum game」. It is dangerous for the US to leverage so-called 「proportional costs」 to attack China. In rhetoric, the US is talking about market spirit and fair competition. In action, it just moves in the opposite direction – it does not allow anyone to be better or more competitive than itself.With its rapid development, China has offered so much to the world: contributing to over 30% of global economic growth for years in running, and over 70% to global poverty reduction. Never ever has China exported refugees or wars.For such a country that has done nothing but good deeds, the US has chosen to turn a blind eye and go after it by all means, and even threatened to plunge China all the way back to what it was like forty years ago. What malevolent intention! When faced with competition from prominent, private Chinese companies such as Huawei, instead of winning fair and square with better products, the US has stopped at nothing to bring Huawei down, using 「national security」 as an excuse.Even in such areas as people-to-people and cultural exchanges, the US is getting more and more hysteric. It has chosen to put scholars under surveillance, expel journalists, arrest students, and shut down Confucius Institutes. Many Chinese scholars and students say that going to the US is a very risky adventure – you could be searched at the customs, interrogated, and even arbitrarily detained by the FBI. It is quite nerve-wracking. Even some US professors lost their jobs and were arrested for nothing but normal academic exchanges with China.All this makes people wonder: is McCarthyism back in the US?! The China-US relationship is so vital for the future of China, the United States, and the world. It must not be hijacked by McCarthyism fanatics, or be dragged into a cul-de-sac.三、美國真正的敵人不是中國，而是看不見的病毒和越來越多的非傳統安全挑戰。進入新世紀發生的多次全球性危機，給美國和世界造成重大損失，但根源都不是傳統的大國對抗或地緣政治衝突，而是恐怖主義、金融風險、各種病毒等。面對百年大災疫，人們最需要的是N95口罩，而不是F-35戰鬥機。我們對美國內已有超過13萬人死於新冠疫情深感痛心。但中國同樣是病毒的受害者，也同樣為抗疫付出了巨大的犧牲和代價，美方向中國「甩鍋」推責是不公平的，也是不道德的，解決不了任何問題。病毒無國界，疫情面前無贏家。大敵當前，美國不能錯把戰友當對手，以鄰為壑，相互消耗，而應同中國和世界各國一道合作抗疫，共克時艱。3. The real enemy of the US is not China. It is the invisible virus and growing non-traditional security threats. Twenty years into this century, the world has seen multiple global crises, with wide and far-reaching impacts on the US and others. None of them were caused by traditional great power confrontation or geopolitical conflicts, but terrorism, financial risks, viruses, etc.In the face of an epidemic unseen in a century, what most countries need most at this point is N95 masks, not F-35 fighters. It breaks our heart that over 130,000 Americans lost their lives to COVID-19. In the face of this raging virus, China is also a victim, and is fighting it with enormous sacrifices and at great cost. Scapegoating China by the US is unfair and morally wrong, and it doesn’t solve any problem.Virus respects no borders, or favors anyone. It is a common enemy for all. The US should not treat a partner as an adversary, nor should it take a beggar-thy-neighbor approach, because doing so will only wear each other out. What the US should do is to work with China and the rest of the world to fight COVID-19 and come through it together.四、中美「脫鉤」不切實際，對誰都沒有好處。全球化是我們這個時代的現實，各國間的相互聯繫已深入到了「毛細血管」，不管你喜歡不喜歡，恐怕難以逆轉。疫情期間，中美人流雖斷，物流卻逆勢增加。4月份雙邊貿易額增至412億美元，中國再次成為美最大貿易夥伴，5月更是增至465億美元。美國企業仍然最青睞中國大市場。中國美國商會近期調查顯示，84%美企不願撤離中國，38%企業將保持或增加對華投資。今年以來，埃克森美孚、霍尼韋爾、特斯拉、沃爾瑪等美國公司都在擴大對華投資與合作。下一步，中美在信息通訊、人工智慧、線上教育、遠程醫療等領域將有更多合作機會。這樣互利共贏的合作為什麼要人為中斷、脫鉤呢？日前，160家美國企業向美國會提交聯名信，要求取消對中國加徵的關稅。信中說，2019年美民眾為此多支付了500億美元的關稅，每個家庭平均多花費1277美元。中美貿易戰使美上市公司市值縮水1.7萬億美元。「脫鉤」的後果由此可見一斑。在這裡我想重申，中國將堅定不移擴大對外開放，中國對外合作的大門將向包括美國在內的各國敞開。4. Decoupling is impractical and benefits no one. In today’s world, globalization is the order of life. Countries are inter-connected in every aspect as deeply as possible. Like it or not, the tide cannot be reversed.Although the flow of people between China and the US has paused due to COVID-19, the flow of goods has bucked the trend and continued to grow. In April, bilateral trade rose to US$41.2 billion, again making China the largest trading partner of the US. And the figure continued to grow in May to US$46.5 billion.US businesses are still most interested in the huge market of China. A recent survey by the American Chamber of Commerce in China (AmCham China) suggests that 84% of US companies operating in China don’t want to leave, and 38% of them plan to maintain or increase their investment. Since the beginning of this year, ExxonMobil, Honeywell, Tesla, Walmart and other US companies have been expanding their investment and operation in China.Going forward, there are many more opportunities for China-US cooperation in ICT, artificial intelligence, online education and telemedicine. Why would anyone want to cut off the cooperation that has been benefiting both sides? And why would they want to promote the so-called decoupling?Recently, 160 US companies sent a co-signed letter to Congress urging the lifting of tariffs on China. The tariffs, they say, cost Americans US$50 billion more in duties in 2019 and raised average household expenditure by US$1,277. The trade war has wiped out US$1.7 trillion of the market value of listed American firms. This is just one simple example of the consequences of decoupling.So I』d like to stress again that China will remain firmly committed to opening up wider to the outside world, and the door to cooperation will remain open to all countries, including the US.五、中美誰也改變不了誰，不要將中美關係意識形態化。中國共產黨作為中國執政黨，是歷史和人民的選擇，受到14億人民的堅定擁護和支持。任何割裂中國共產黨和中國人民血肉聯繫的企圖都是徒勞的。過去幾十年，正是中國共產黨領導中國實現了經濟快速發展和社會長期穩定這「兩個奇蹟」，也正是中國共產黨奉行的中國外交和對美政策成功推動中美合作取得如此巨大、令人難以置信的成就。中國共產黨有什麼錯呢？美方高官為何要對中國共產黨咬牙切齒、惡語相向？另外，我一直不明白，美方發展國家關係為什麼總想改變對方？為什麼要將自身的意識形態強加於人？為什麼要阻擋一個國家走已被實踐證明是成功的發展道路？當年中美《上海公報》明確寫著「中美社會制度有著本質的區別」，但這並沒有影響我們建立和發展兩國關係。48年後的今天，這種區別仍然不應成為中美深化合作、邁向未來的障礙。中方一貫奉行不幹涉內政原則，無意幹涉美國大選。倒是美國有些人千方百計地把中國扯進美國選戰，一個勁地打中國牌，讓中國成為萬能的「替罪羊」，然後又反過來指責中國幹涉美內政、影響美大選。這對中國很不公平。5. Neither China nor the US can mold the other in one’s own image, and China-US relations should not be driven by ideologies.The CPC is China’s governing party. This is the choice of history and the people, a choice firmly supported by the 1.4 billion Chinese people. No attempt to sever the close ties between the CPC and the Chinese people will ever succeed. During the past several decades, it is under CPC’s leadership that China has achieved rapid economic growth and enduring social stability, something often referred to as the 「twin miracles」. It is the foreign policy and US policy pursued by the CPC that have led to the tremendous and incredible success in China-US cooperation. What, if I may ask, has the CPC done wrong in all this? Why are some senior US officials so hostile toward the CPC and so vicious in their verbal attacks?I also find it hard to understand: why does the US always seek to change the other country in state-to-state relations? Why does it try to impose its own ideology on others? What is the point of stopping a country from pursuing its development path that has proved successful? 「There are essential differences between China and the United States in their social systems.」 Those are the exact words in the Shanghai Joint Communiqué. These differences did not prevent the two countries from establishing and growing bilateral ties 48 years ago. Today, they certainly should not be an obstacle to China-US cooperation and a future-oriented relationship.China has all along followed the principle of non-interference in others』 internal affairs. We have no intention to meddle with US elections. Yet some in the US are resorting to all possible means to drag China into US election politics. They play the 「China card」. They use China as a handy scapegoat for every problem they have. And then they accuse China of meddling with US internal affairs and swaying its elections. That is so unfair for China.六、搞反華小圈子是分裂地球村，與時代潮流格格不入。多邊主義、全球化是大勢所趨，全球合作是人心所向。各國利益相互交融，試圖排除中國、搞「平行體系」，人為分割兩個市場、兩個產業鏈，是開歷史倒車。針對中國搞小集團、逼迫他國選邊站隊，更不得人心，許多國家對此很反感。中國廣交朋友，廣結善緣，致力於促進互聯互通，共建「一帶一路」，同所有國家平等相待，友好合作，不可能被孤立，中國14億人的大市場也不可能被排斥。在一個日益網絡化、數位化的世界拉圈子、搞分裂，是多麼的可笑，註定不可能成功。6. Forming an anti-China bloc is to divide the global village. It runs completely counter to the trend of the times. We live in a globalized world, which calls for multilateralism and global cooperation. In a world where national interests are interconnected, any attempt to exclude China, create 「parallel systems」, or break the world into two markets and industrial chains is to turn back the wheel of history. To build a bloc against China and force other countries to take sides will not win hearts and minds. Many countries resent being put in such a position.China pursues friendship with all countries around the world. We hope to boost connectivity through the Belt and Road Initiative. We put ourselves on an equal footing with all countries, and we are committed to developing friendship and cooperation. China will not be isolated. It is impossible to exclude a market of 1.4 billion people. The attempt to form blocs and split the world in this increasingly networked and digital age is just preposterous. It is doomed to fail.七、正確看待中國的國際角色與作用。任何不戴有色眼鏡的人都能看見，中國是當今世界亂局的穩定力量，不斷為大變局注入確定性，為全球治理輸送正能量。面對疫情肆虐，中國展開了史上規模最大的全球緊急人道行動，向150個國家和4個國際組織提供了援助，並通過視頻交流、派醫療專家組等方式同世界分享抗疫經驗。中國承諾在兩年內提供20億美元抗疫國際援助，將新冠疫苗作為全球公共產品，同二十國集團成員國一道落實緩債倡議，加大對非洲國家抗疫支持力度。中方向世界提供的口罩超過700億隻，美國平均每人得到60多隻中國口罩。中國對世界各國的援助與支持沒有夾雜任何私利，也沒有附加任何條件，決不是要擴大地緣政治影響，去當頭爭「老大」，而是力圖在國內取得抗疫成功的同時，為其他國家和國際社會應對危機提供更多公共產品，盡一份作為大國的責任和擔當。7. It is important to have correct perceptions of the international role of China. Anyone without bias can see that China is a force for stability in a volatile world. It brings certainty to a rapidly-changing world and positive energy to global governance.In the wake of COVID-19, China has launched the largest global emergency humanitarian operation in history. It has provided assistance to 150 countries and four international organizations, and shared containment experience with the world through video conferencing and sending medical expert teams. China has pledged to provide US$2 billion over two years to help with global COVID-19 response, and make its COVID-19 vaccine research and development a global public good. China will work with other G20 members to implement the Debt Service Suspension Initiative and give Africa greater support in containing the virus. China has provided over 70 billion masks to the world, including more than 60 masks on average for every American.China’s assistance and support to other countries serves no selfish interests, and has no strings attached. China is by no means seeking geopolitical influence or predominance. What we hope to do, given our success in containing the virus inside China, is to provide more public goods to the international community in a time of crisis and step up to our responsibility as a major country.八、要通過對話合作管控分歧，照顧彼此核心利益和關切。我注意到，前不久在夏威夷舉行的中美高層內部對話受到兩國和世界輿論廣泛關注。這說明中美作為兩個負有特殊國際責任的大國，越是關係困難，矛盾多發，越要保持對話，增進互信。隔空喊話、麥克風外交解決不了問題，而且還會把小問題炒成大危機。中美原有的溝通對話機制不能棄之不用，我們還要創造新的對話方式和渠道。能合作的儘量合作，一時不能合作的也要儘量管控，建立各種預警、應急、磋商機制，確保中美關係不失控不脫軌。8. China and the US must manage differences through dialogue and cooperation, and seek to accommodate each other’s core interests and concerns. I noticed that the recent China-US high-level internal dialogue in Hawaii has received a lot of attention in our respective countries and the world. This means that between China and the US, two major countries with special global responsibilities, the more difficulties and tensions there are, the more imperative it is to talk to each other and build trust. Megaphone diplomacy does not solve problems, and may even turn a small issue into a crisis. The existing communication and dialogue mechanisms should not be abandoned. New ways and channels of dialogue are also needed. We should cooperate wherever and whenever possible, and manage, to the best of our ability, differences that persist. There also need to be mechanisms in place for early warning, emergency response and consultations if problems occur to ensure that the relationship does not derail or spin out of control.臺灣、香港、涉疆、涉藏等問題事關中國主權安全，中方絕不容許任何外來幹涉，我們堅決反對美國在香港國安立法問題上對中國無端指責並實施所謂制裁。我在此想強調，制訂國家安全立法是一國主權行為，是國際通行做法。美國國家安全立法有20部之多，而且還在不斷強化，為什麼中方就不能做呢。而且我們立法聚焦打擊的是極少數嚴重危害國家安全的犯罪分子。此舉不會影響香港的高度自治，不會影響香港居民的權利和自由，也不會影響外國投資者在香港的正當權益。我堅信，有了國安法的香港只會更穩定、更繁榮、更有吸引力。香港的未來一定會更美好！Issues related to Taiwan, Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Tibet touch on China’s sovereignty and security. There is no room for foreign interference on those issues. We firmly oppose the groundless US accusations and so-called sanctions against China for our legislation safeguarding national security in Hong Kong.Clearly, national security legislation is a way of exercising sovereignty. It is a common international practice. The US has as many as 20 national security laws. Its legal system on national security is being constantly strengthened. Why can’t China do the same?The legislation is designed to hold accountable a very small number of criminals who put national security in serious jeopardy. It does not affect Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy, the rights and freedoms of Hong Kong residents, or the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors in Hong Kong. I am fully confident that the national security law will only bring about a more stable, prosperous and attractive Hong Kong. Hong Kong is poised to embrace a better future.關於中美關係的未來，我是一個樂觀派，儘管現在烏雲密布，但天塌不下來，太陽總是要出來的，中美走向合作的大勢是擋不住的。中方願始終本著不衝突不對抗、相互尊重、合作共贏的精神，與美方共同建設一個協調、合作、穩定的中美關係。我也堅信，中美兩國人民有足夠的理性和智慧，找到不同社會制度、不同文化背景的兩個大國，在這個星球和平共存、互利共贏的相處之道。I am optimistic about the future of China-US relations. Although the relationship is overcast by dark clouds, the sky will not fall, and the sun will eventually shine again. Likewise, nothing can stop the general trend of China-US cooperation forever.China remains committed to the principle of no-conflict and no-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. China stands ready to work with the US to advance China-US relations based on coordination, cooperation and stability. I believe that the two peoples have the will and wisdom to find the way for the two major countries with different social systems and cultural backgrounds to live together on this planet in peace and to cooperate with each other for win-win results.推薦關注
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