剛通完電話就翻臉？
美對華半導體公司刑事民事雙起訴
美東時間11月1日上午川普興奮地發推說中美兩國元首進行了良好的電話溝通；
川普： 中美元首剛剛直接通話，重點談貿易問題
華爾街為此歡呼無比，普遍認為貿易戰將出現緩和氣氛；畢竟川普扛了半天的貿易戰大旗，美國自己並未得到什麼實質性的好處，搞不好會影響共和黨的中期選情；所以川普不論是否出於政治需要，緩和貿易戰是雙贏的舉措。
然而，正當市場一片叫好之際，兩國元首上午剛通完電話，美國聯邦司法部下午就發布公告：對中國半導體公司晉華發起刑事和民事雙訴訟。
據美司法部網站信息顯示，美國一個聯邦大陪審團對一家中國國有企業、一家中國臺灣公司和三名中國臺灣人提出起訴，指控他們共謀盜竊、輸送和擁有從一家美國半導體公司盜竊來的商業秘密，以便為一家國有企業謀取利益。美司法部說，所有被告均被指控共謀從事經濟間諜活動等罪名。
被起訴的企業是中國福建晉華集成電路有限公司和中國臺灣聯華電子股份有限公司(UMC)，他們被控從全球半導體業領軍企業、總部在美國的美光公司(Micron)盜取商業秘密。
美國還提起民事訴訟，要求下令禁止繼續轉讓被盜竊的商業秘密，並禁止某些被告向美國出口任何由聯華或晉華利用相關商業秘密所製造的產品。起訴書在2018年9月27日提交，11月1日公布。民事訴訟於11月1日提交
此前，美國商務部發布禁令，禁止對晉華公司相關技術出口。
依照美國法律，被起訴並不等於有罪。如果被判罪名成立，個人被告因經濟間諜罪名面臨最長15年的監禁及5百萬美元罰款，因竊取商業秘密罪名面臨10年監禁。如果公司被判有罪，每家公司面臨被沒收非法所得的處罰以及最高逾數百億美元美元的罰款。
去年12月，美國最大存儲晶片生產商美光科技公司(Micron Technology Inc., MU)在加州起訴福建晉華和其臺灣合作方聯華電子(United Microelectronics Co., 2303.TW)盜取其商業機密。福建晉華否認了相關指控。此案目前仍在加州法院審理中。
今年1月，福建晉華和聯華電子在中國控告美光科技的產品侵犯他們各自的專利，7月出臺的裁決導致美光部分產品在中國暫時禁售。
晉華會成為下一個中興通訊嗎？值得關注。
以下是11月1日美司法部關於本訴訟的最新通告（免翻譯）
Department of Justice
Office of Public Affairs
PRC State-Owned Company, Taiwan Company, and Three Individuals Charged With Economic EspionageA federal grand jury indicted a state-owned enterprise of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), a Taiwan company, and three individuals, charging them with crimes related to a conspiracy to steal, convey, and possess stolen trade secrets of an American semiconductor company for the benefit of a company controlled by the PRC government. All of the defendants are charged with a conspiracy to commit economic espionage, among other crimes. Attorney General Jeff Sessions, FBI Director Christopher Wray, Assistant Attorney General for National Security John Demers, Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division Brian A. Benczkowski, United States Attorney Alex G. Tse of the Northern District of California, and FBI Special Agent in Charge for the San Francisco Field Office John F. Bennett made the announcement.
In addition, the United States filed a civil lawsuit seeking to enjoin the further transfer of the stolen trade secrets and to enjoin certain defendants from exporting to the United States any products manufactured by UMC or Jinhua that were created using the trade secrets at issue. The indictment was filed on September 27, 2018, and unsealed today. The civil lawsuit was filed today.
「I am announcing that a grand jury in San Francisco has returned a multi-defendant indictment alleging economic espionage on the part of a state-owned Chinese company, a Taiwanese company, and three Taiwan individuals for an alleged scheme to steal trade secrets from Micron, an Idaho-based semi-conductor company,」 said Attorney General Sessions. 「Micron is worth an estimated $100 billion and has a 20 to 25 percent share of the dynamic random access memory industry—a technology not possessed by the Chinese until very recently. As this and other recent cases have shown, Chinese economic espionage against the United States has been increasing—and it has been increasing rapidly. I am here to say that enough is enough. With integrity and professionalism, the Department of Justice will aggressively prosecute such illegal activity.」
「The theft of intellectual property is not only unfair, but stifles technological innovation by disincentivizing investment in long-term research and development,」 said U.S. Attorney Alex Tse. 「The theft of intellectual property on a continuing basis by nation-state actors is an even more damaging affront to the rule of law. We in the Northern District of California, one of the world’s great centers of intellectual property development, will continue to lead the fight to protect U.S. innovation from criminal misappropriation, whether motivated by personal greed or national economic ambition.」
"No country presents a broader, more severe threat to our ideas, our innovation, and our economic security than China," said FBI Director Christopher Wray. "The Chinese government is determined to acquire American technology, and they’re willing use a variety of means to do that – from foreign investments, corporate acquisitions, and cyber intrusions to obtaining the services of current or former company employees to get inside information. If China acquires an American company's most important technology – the very technology that makes it the leader in a field – that company will suffer severe losses, and our national security could even be impacted. We are committed to continuing to work closely with our federal, state, local, and private sector partners to counter this threat from China."
According to the indictment, the defendants were engaged in a conspiracy to steal the trade secrets of Micron Technology, Inc. (Micron), a leader in the global semiconductor industry specializing in the advanced research, development, and manufacturing of memory products, including dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). DRAM is a leading-edge memory storage device used in computer electronics. Micron is the only United States-based company that manufactures DRAM. According to the indictment, Micron maintains a significant competitive advantage in this field due in large part from its intellectual property, including its trade secrets that include detailed, confidential information pertaining to the design, development, and manufacturing of advanced DRAM products.
Prior to the events described in the indictment, the PRC did not possess DRAM technology, and the Central Government and State Council of the PRC publicly identified the development of DRAM and other microelectronics technology as a national economic priority. The criminal defendants are United Microelectronics Corporation (「UMC」), a Taiwan semiconductor foundry; Fujian Jinhua Integrated Circuit, Co., Ltd. (「Jinhua'」), a state-owned enterprise of the PRC; and three Taiwan nationals: Chen Zhengkun, a.k.a. Stephen Chen, age 55; He Jianting, a.k.a. J.T. Ho, age 42; and Wang Yungming, a.k.a. Kenny Wang, age 44. UMC is a publicly listed semiconductor foundry company traded on the New York Stock Exchange; is headquartered in Taiwan; and has offices worldwide, including in Sunnyvale, California. UMC mass produces integrated-circuit logic products based on designs and technology developed and provided by its customers. Jinhua is a state-owned enterprise of the PRC, funded entirely by the Chinese government, and established in February 2016 for the sole purpose of designing, developing, and manufacturing DRAM.
According to the indictment, Chen was a General Manager and Chairman of an electronics corporation that Micron acquired in 2013. Chen then became the president of a Micron subsidiary in Taiwan, Micron Memory Taiwan (「MMT」), responsible for manufacturing at least one of Micron’s DRAM chips. Chen resigned from MMT in July 2015 and began working at UMC almost immediately. While at UMC, Chen arranged a cooperation agreement between UMC and Fujian Jinhua whereby, with funding from Fujian Jinhua, UMC would transfer DRAM technology to Fujian Jinhua to mass-produce. The technology would be jointly shared by both UMC and Fujian Jinhua. Chen later became the President of Jinhua and was put in charge of its DRAM production facility.
While at UMC, Chen recruited numerous MMT employees, including Ho and Wang, to join him at UMC. Prior to leaving MMT, Ho and Wang both stole and brought to UMC several Micron trade secrets related to the design and manufacture of DRAM. Wang downloaded over 900 Micron confidential and proprietary files before he left MMT and stored them on USB external hard drives or in personal cloud storage, from where he could access the technology while working at UMC.
An indictment merely alleges that crimes have been committed, and all defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If convicted, the individual defendants face a maximum sentence of 15 years imprisonment and a $5,000,000 fine for economic espionage charges, and 10 years imprisonment for theft of trade secrets charges. If convicted, each company faces forfeiture and a maximum fine of more than $20 billion. However, any sentence following conviction would be imposed by the court only after consideration of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and the federal statute governing the imposition of a sentence, 18 U.S.C. § 3553.
美國打壓中國高科技公司之心從來不死，這是在打壓華為、中興、大疆、阿里、中國電信之後，美國打壓中國高科技企業的又一案例。
中美關係已經是成為互相競爭的關係，貿易戰不是單純的貿易戰；在高科技領域，中美也正在進行博弈。不過，據《經濟學人》雜誌最新文章報導，二十一世紀將會是中國的世紀，中國高科技的崛起已經在路上，中國的世紀已經在路上這是事實，美國打壓也是沒用的，因為中美科技較量的時間在中國這邊，而時間正是美國最懼怕的。
從1990到2017，中國人均GDP增長高達903%：
從1990到2015，中國的貧困人口在下降，中國每年申請新專利佔世界的比重在持續上升：
川普： 中美元首剛剛直接通話，重點談貿易問題
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