2015年5月20日/生物谷BIOON/--我們食物中每天都有很多的糖類。其中最常見和可以直接消耗作為能量的是葡萄糖。而葡萄糖的一種同分異構體果糖,在食物(比如水果和蜂蜜)中也存在很大比例,而且成為了現代食品工業中常用的甜味添加劑,用在很多的飲料和其他製品中。在現代飲料中,如可口可樂和百事可樂中,早期使用的蔗糖添加劑都逐步為果糖取代了。
早期的研究表明,果糖與葡萄糖相比,對食慾的抑制性較弱,就是說果糖更能促進食慾。來自美國洛杉磯南加州大學的科學家們在《美國科學院院刊》刊文說,他們對比了果糖和葡萄糖對於腦部,激素水平以及食慾的差異。通過這些研究,他們表明了,食用果糖食物會激活腦部的一些區域,這些區域可能會鼓勵人的進食。
他們找到了24個志願者,把他們分為兩組都進行腦部的功能性核磁共振成像測試,讓他們分別進食果糖和葡萄糖。研究者先給志願者看帶有高糖食物的圖片和非食物圖片,然後再進行腦部的功能性核磁共振成像檢查,接著在讓他們對自己的飢餓程度和對食物渴望度打分。志願者還被要求完成一個決定,就是讓他們選擇是立刻給予食物獎勵,或者選擇實驗後的很長時間給他們金錢獎勵。
在志願者進食含有果糖或者葡萄糖的飲品後,在30分鐘和60分鐘後測試激素水平。他們發現,與葡萄糖相比,食用果糖,對血液中胰島素含量增加影響不明顯,而在腦部視覺皮層和左皮層則對食物信號的反應比較強烈。與腦部成像結果一致的是,他們還發現了食用果糖會導致更強烈的飢餓感和對食物的渴望,並且願意放棄金錢獎勵,而轉向馬上就可以吃到的高糖食物。
果糖,相對於葡萄糖會更能引起腦部皮層的反應,進而增加食慾。然而這些影響會不會與性別,年齡以及身體狀況相關仍需要進一步研究。(生物谷Bioon.com)
本文系生物谷原創編譯整理。歡迎轉載!轉載請註明來源並附原文連結。更多資訊請下載生物谷資訊APP。
PMC:
PMID:
Prior studies suggest that fructose compared with glucose may be a weaker suppressor of appetite, and neuroimaging research shows that food cues trigger greater brain reward responses in a fasted relative to a fed state. We sought to determine the effects of ingesting fructose versus glucose on brain, hormone, and appetitive responses to food cues and food-approach behavior. Twenty-four healthy volunteers underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions with ingestion of either fructose or glucose in a double-blinded, random-order cross-over design. fMRI was performed while participants viewed images of high-calorie foods and nonfood items using a block design. After each block, participants rated hunger and desire for food. Participants also performed a decision task in which they chose between immediate food rewards and delayed monetary bonuses. Hormones were measured at baseline and 30 and 60 min after drink ingestion. Ingestion of fructose relative to glucose resulted in smaller increases in plasma insulin levels and greater brain reactivity to food cues in the visual cortex (in whole-brain analysis) and left orbital frontal cortex (in region-of-interest analysis). Parallel to the neuroimaging findings, fructose versus glucose led to greater hunger and desire for food and a greater willingness to give up long-term monetary rewards to obtain immediate high-calorie foods. These findings suggest that ingestion of fructose relative to glucose results in greater activation of brain regions involved in attention and reward processing and may promote feeding behavior.