約翰·鄧恩詩歌精選16首|有人比我更深地發掘了愛之礦,說他幸福的核心在其中藏

收錄於話題 #外國詩歌精選 58個

約翰•多恩（John Donne, 1572– 1631）又譯鄧約翰，鄧恩，是英國詹姆斯一世時期的玄學派詩人，他的作品包括十四行詩、愛情詩、宗教詩、拉丁譯本、雋語、輓歌、歌詞等。其詩歌通過使用一種更注重智力的比喻，激情與推理融為一體，給詩歌重新注入了活力，不僅在意象和觀念上作大膽的實驗，而且在詩的節奏和詩節形式也作創新。本•瓊生曾經說到：「鄧恩在很多方面是世界上第一詩人。」主要作品有《歌與十四行詩》《輓歌》《一周年與二周年》《聖十四行詩》等。被艾略特挖掘並推重。
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourningby John Donne (1573-1631)As virtuous men pass mildly away,And whisper to their souls to go,Whilst some of their sad friends do say,"Now his breath goes," and some say, "No."So let us melt, and make no noise,No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move ;'Twere profanation of our joysTo tell the laity our love.Moving of th' earth brings harms and fears ;Men reckon what it did, and meant ;But trepidation of the spheres,Though greater far, is innocent.Dull sublunary lovers' love—Whose soul is sense—cannot admitOf absence, 'cause it doth removeThe thing which elemented it.But we by a love so much refined,That ourselves know not what it is,Inter-assurèd of the mind,Care less, eyes, lips and hands to miss.Our two souls therefore, which are one,Though I must go, endure not yetA breach, but an expansion,Like gold to aery thinness beat.If they be two, they are two soAs stiff twin compasses are two ;Thy soul, the fix'd foot, makes no showTo move, but doth, if th' other do.And though it in the centre sit,Yet, when the other far doth roam,It leans, and hearkens after it,And grows erect, as that comes home.Such wilt thou be to me, who must,Like th' other foot, obliquely run ;Thy firmness makes my circle just,And makes me end where I begun.

鄧恩在《道別》中更為優雅地將一對情侶比作一副圓規。但我們在別的地方看到的，不是對比喻內容單純的闡釋，而是思想快速聯想的發展——這要求讀者具有相當的敏捷。

在一個圓球上

工匠用一張張繪圖，可以帖出，

一個歐洲，非洲，還有一個亞洲，

立刻使那原先是零的變為一切；

而每一滴眼淚

映照著你，

也因那映像而成為一個地球，對，一個世界，直到你的眼淚混合著我的，完全淹沒

這世界；因你放出的洪水，我的天國溶化了。

這裡我們發現兩種關聯，它們並非含蓄在第一個形象裡，而是由詩人強加於此形象：由地理學家的地球儀到眼淚，又從眼淚到洪水。（艾略特）

IF yet I have not all thy love,
Dear, I shall never have it all ;I cannot breathe one other sigh, to move,Nor can intreat one other tear to fall ;And all my treasure, which should purchase thee,Sighs, tears, and oaths, and letters I have spent ;Yet no more can be due to me,Than at the bargain made was meant.If then thy gift of love were partial,That some to me, some should to others fall,Dear, I shall never have thee all.Or if then thou gavest me all,All was but all, which thou hadst then ;But if in thy heart since there be or shallNew love created be by other men,Which have their stocks entire, and can in tears,In sighs, in oaths, and letters, outbid me,This new love may beget new fears,For this love was not vow'd by thee.And yet it was, thy gift being general ;The ground, thy heart, is mine ; what ever shallGrow there, dear, I should have it all.Yet I would not have all yet.He that hath all can have no more ;And since my love doth every day admitNew growth, thou shouldst have new rewards in store ;Thou canst not every day give me thy heart,If thou canst give it, then thou never gavest it ;Love's riddles are, that though thy heart depart,It stays at home, and thou with losing savest it ;But we will have a way more liberal,Than changing hearts, to join them ; so we shallBe one, and one another's all.1、此詩所用體式是傳統晨歌（ aubade）的變體。晨歌是源自中古法國普羅旺斯的一種詩歌體裁，主要以抒寫男女情侶共度良宵後翌晨難捨難分之情為主題。我國（詩經》中「鄭風」《女日雞鳴》一篇與之約略類似。2、七睡仙巖洞：在古羅馬皇帝狄修斯（公元201－251）迫害下，七個信奉基督教的青年逃入一山洞避難。追殺者把洞口封死，企圖餓死他們。於是奇蹟降臨，他們在洞中沉睡了一百八十七年。事見愛德華・吉本《羅馬帝國的衰亡》。3、天體圖、重重天國：據生於公元前二世紀的古埃及希臘裔天文學家託勒密的地心說，天有九重，環繞地球。後世增加至十一重，可參見日耳曼人彼得·阿皮安（1495-1552）著（宇宙誌》（1584）所載的天體圖所示。4、凜冽的北極、沒落的西方：北方與寒冷、邪惡相關聯；西方與日落、死亡相關聯。5、平衡相濟：在古羅馬時期小亞細亞著名醫學家伽倫（公元130－200？）的醫學理論中，疾病和死亡被認為是由構成人體的各種元素比例失衡造成的。*以上內容來自《約翰·但恩詩集》（修訂版），傅浩譯，上海譯文出版社，2016年10月第1版。譯註僅選取了與理解相關的條目，並稍做縮改，完整內容請察看該書P67-68。《喪鐘為誰而鳴 · 生死邊緣的沉思錄》， 新星出版社，2009 年。

Valediction-Of Weeping

Let me pour forth
My tears before thy face, whilst I stay here,
For thy face coins them, and thy stamp they bear,
And by this mintage they are something worth,
For thus they be
Pregnant of thee;
Fruits of much grief they are, emblems of more,
When a tear falls, that thou falls which it bore,
So thou and I are nothing then, when on a diverse shore.

On a round ball
A workman that hath copies by, can lay
An Europe, Africa, and an Asia,
And quickly make that, which was nothing, all;
So doth each tear
Which thee doth wear,
A globe, yea world, by that impression grow,
Till thy tears mix'd with mine do overflow
This world; by waters sent from thee, my heaven dissolved so.

O more than moon,
Draw not up seas to drown me in thy sphere,
Weep me not dead, in thine arms, but forbear
To teach the sea what it may do too soon;
Let not the wind
Example find,
To do me more harm than it purposeth;
Since thou and I sigh one another's breath,
Whoe'er sighs most is cruellest, and hastes the other's death. 

As virtuous men pass mildly away
正如德高人逝世很安然，
And whisper to their souls to go
對靈魂輕輕的說一聲走，
Whilst some of their sad friends do say
悲傷的朋友們聚在旁邊，
"Now his breath goes," and some 

影子的一課

約翰·鄧恩

請站一下，聽我給你講一課，
親愛的，講講愛的哲學。
我們在此散步已經三個小時，
陪伴我們的是兩個影子，

這影子本產自我們自己；
而現在太陽已恰好照著頭頂，
我們踩著自己的影，
一切東西都顯得美麗、清晰。
我們的愛苗也這樣成長，
我們的遮蓋掩飾也這樣
漸漸消逝。但如今不再這樣。

那種愛情還未升上最高點，
當它還在竭力躲避旁人的眼。

除非我們的愛停在午時，
我們會在另一面造出新的影子。
起初的影子用來騙旁人，
後來的影子用來騙我們——
對付自己，矇騙自己的雙眼。
假如我們的愛情漸漸削弱，
就會我對你、你對我
把各自的行為遮遮掩掩。
上午的影子浙漸耗完，
下午的影子卻不斷發展，
一旦愛情衰退．它的來日苦短！

愛以飽滿不移的光照臨世界，
但它正午若過，下一分鐘就是夜。

飛白 譯

A Lecture upon the Shadow

BY JOHN DONNE

Stand still, and I will read to thee 

A lecture, love, in love's philosophy. 

         These three hours that we have spent, 

         Walking here, two shadows went 

Along with us, which we ourselves produc'd. 

But, now the sun is just above our head, 

         We do those shadows tread, 

         And to brave clearness all things are reduc'd. 

So whilst our infant loves did grow, 

Disguises did, and shadows, flow 

From us, and our cares; but now 'tis not so. 

That love has not attain'd the high'st degree, 

Which is still diligent lest others see. 

Except our loves at this noon stay, 

We shall new shadows make the other way. 

         As the first were made to blind 

         Others, these which come behind 

Will work upon ourselves, and blind our eyes. 

If our loves faint, and westwardly decline, 

         To me thou, falsely, thine, 

         And I to thee mine actions shall disguise. 

The morning shadows wear away, 

But these grow longer all the day; 

But oh, love's day is short, if love decay. 

Love is a growing, or full constant light, 

And his first minute, after noon, is night. 

日出The Sun Rising

Why dost thou thus,

Through windows, and through curtains, call on us ?

Must to thy motions lovers' seasons run ?

Saucy pedantic wretch, go chide

Late school-boys and sour prentices,

Go tell court-huntsmen that the king will ride,

Call country ants to harvest offices ;

Love, all alike, no season knows nor clime,

Nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time.

Thy beams so reverend, and strong

Why shouldst thou think ?

I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink,

But that I would not lose her sight so long.

If her eyes have not blinded thine,

Look, and to-morrow late tell me,

Whether both th' Indias of spice and mine

Be where thou left'st them, or lie here with me.

Ask for those kings whom thou saw'st yesterday,

And thou shalt hear, "All here in one bed lay."

She's all states, and all princes I ;

Nothing else is ;

Princes do but play us ; compared to this,

All honour's mimic, all wealth alchemy.

Thou, Sun, art half as happy as we,

In that the world's contracted thus ;

Thine age asks ease, and since thy duties be

To warm the world, that's done in warming us.

Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere ;

This bed thy center is, these walls thy sphere.

Woman's Constancy

Now thou has loved me one whole day,

Tomorrow when you leav’st, what wilt thou say?

Wilt thou then antedate some new-made vow?

            Or say that now

We are not just those persons which we were?

Or, that oaths made in reverential fear

Of Love, and his wrath, any may forswear?

Or, as true deaths true marriages untie,

So lovers』 contracts, images of those,

Bind but till sleep, death’s image, them unloose?

            Or, your own end to justify,

For having purposed change and falsehood, you

Can have no way but falsehood to be true?

Vain lunatic, against these 『scapes I could

            Dispute and conquer, if I would,

            Which I abstain to do,

For by tomorrow, I may think so too.

選自 / 《基督教文學經典選讀》，北京大學出版社，2004

Batter my heart (Holy Sonnets: XIV)

Batter my heart, three-person』d God ; for you

As yet but knock; breathe, shine, and seek to mend ;

That I may rise, and stand, o』erthrow me, and bend

Your force, to break, blow, burn, and make me new.

I, like an usurp』d town, to another due,

Labour to admit you, but O, to no end.

Reason, your viceroy in me, me should defend,

But is captived, and proves weak or untrue.

Yet dearly I love you, and would be loved fain,

But am betroth』d unto your enemy ;

Divorce me, untie, or break that knot again,

Take me to you, imprison me, for I,

Except you enthrall me, never shall be free,

Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me.

歌

約翰·鄧恩 

去吧，跑去抓一顆流星，
去叫何首烏肚子裡也有喜，
告訴我哪兒追流年的蹤影，
是誰開豁了魔鬼的雙蹄，
教我聽得見美人魚唱歌，
壓得住醋海，不叫它興波，
尋尋看
哪一番
好風會順水把真心推向前。

如果你生來有異察，看得見
人家不能看見的花樣，
你就騎馬一萬夜一萬天，
直跑到滿頭頂蓋雪披霜，
你回來會滔滔不絕地講述
你所遭遇的奇怪事物，
到最後
都賭咒
說美人而忠心，世界上可沒有。

你萬一找到了，通知我一句
向這位千裡進香也心甘；
可是算了吧，我決不會去，
哪怕到隔壁就可以見面；
儘管你見她當時還可靠，
到你寫信了還可以擔保，
她不等
我到門
準已經對不起兩三個男人。

卞之琳 譯

葬禮

約翰·鄧恩 

不論誰來裝殮我，請勿弄脫
（也不要多打聽）
我臂上那捲柔發編的金鐲，——
這是神秘之符，千萬別碰，
這是我外在的靈魂，
是升天的靈魂留下的總督，
留下來統治她的行省，
好保持這些肢體不致風化成土。

如果從我的頭腦發出的經絡
向下直通到腳，
能統轄全身而構成統一的我，
那麼這些金絲，從更好的頭腦
獲得力量向上生長，
當能統轄得更好；可惜她只圖
把手銬給我套上，
叫我從中體驗死囚被判決的痛苦。

不論她贈金絲有何意涵，
務必與我一同入土；
我為愛殉難，如讓此物留傳，
我怕拜物教會因之傳布。
既然作此謙辭，
承認金絲也能代表靈魂，
自當有此壯志：
你不救我全身，我埋葬你的部分。

飛白 譯

聖骨

約翰·鄧恩 

當人們重新掘起我的墳，
去取樂某些二流的客人
（因為墳墓知道，女人的特點
是在一張床上容不得孤單），
那個掘墓的人，一眼看到
一圈手鐲似的金色頭髮圍著骨頭，
那麼，他會不會讓我們獨自逗留？
這裡躺著—對恩愛的情侶，他會思考——
他們曾認為，這方法也許不凡，
能使他們的靈魂，在最不忙碌的一天，
在這墳塋裡相逢，停留上一小段時間。

如果這件事情發生在
迷信統治的地方和時代，
那把我們掘起的人，自然
會把我們帶到主教和帝王面前，
將我們當作聖骨，那樣一來，
你將是個馬利亞·抹大拉，而我，
附近的某一個傢伙；
女人，還有一些男人將把我們崇拜；
既然在這樣的年代，人們尋找奇蹟，
我要用這一張紙告訴這個世紀，
我們沒心眼的愛人能造成什麼樣的奇蹟。

首先，我們愛得熱烈，愛得執著，
但又不知道愛的是什麼．或為什麼，
也不知道男人和女人不同的地方，
就和守衛著我們的安琪兒一樣，
來來去去，我們
也許親吻，但不在那一餐餐中間；
我們的手從不去碰那些讓自然
解放了的封條，雖然又為新法所損；
我們造成了這些奇蹟；但現在，籲，
縱然我能使用所有的方法和言語，
我可能講出曾是個什麼樣的奇蹟？

裘小龍 譯

Aire and Angels

              John Donne

Twice or thrice had I loved thee,

Before I knew thy face or name;

So in a voice, so in a shapeless flame,

Angells affect us oft, and worship』d bee;

Still when, to where thou wert, I came,

Some lovely glorious nothing I did see.

But since my soule, whose child love is,

Takes limes of flesh, and else could nothing doe,

More subtile than the parent is,

Love must not be, but take a body too,

And therefore what thou wert, and who,

I bid Love aske, and now

That it assume thy body, I allow,

And fixe itselfe in thy lip, eye, and brow.

 

Whilst thus to ballast love, I thought,

And so more steddily to have gone,

With wares which would sinke admiration,

I saw, I had love’s pinnace overfraught,

Ev』ry thy haire for love to work upon

Is much too much, some fitter must be sought;

For, nor in nothing, nor in things

Extreme, and scatt』ring bright, can love inhere;

Then as an Angell, face, and wing

Of aire, not pure as it, yet pure doth weare,

So thy love may be my loves sphere;

Just such disparitie

As is twixt Aire and Angells puritie,

『Twixt womens love, and mens will ever bee.