Mahā-mantra (Great Mantra), is a 16-word Vaishnava mantra which is mentioned in the Kali-Santarana Upanishad and which from the 15th century rose to importance in the Bhakti movement following the teachings of Chaitanya Mhaprabhu. This mantra is composed of two Sanskrit names of the Supreme Being, Rama and Krishna.
摩訶咒(Mahā-mantra偉大梵咒)是16字毗溼奴派梵咒,在《卡梨•桑塔拉納奧義書》中被提及。15世紀起,在追隨柴坦尼亞·馬哈普拉布(Chaitanya Mhaprabhu)教義的巴克提(Bhakti)運動中上升到重要地位。該咒語是由至尊者的兩個梵文聖名Rama、Krishna組成。
The actual mantra in the Upanishad is asfollows:
在《奧義書》中實際咒語如下:
हरे राम हरे राम, राम राम हरे हरे ||
हरे कृष्ण हरे कृष्ण, कृष्ण कृष्ण हरे हरे |
Hare Rāma Hare Rāma, Rāma Rāma Hare Hare
Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Hare Hare
—Kali-Saṇṭāraṇa Upaniṣad
《卡梨•桑塔拉納奧義書》
The mantra is first attested in the Kali-Saṇṭāraṇa Upaniṣad (Kali Santarana Upanishads), a Vaishnava Upanishad associated with the Krishna Yajurveda. In this Upanishad, Narada is instructed by Brahma:
此咒語首先在《卡梨•桑塔拉納奧義書》中得到證實,這是一本毗溼奴派奧義書,與克裡希納《夜柔吠陀》有關。在該《奧義書》中,那羅陀得到梵天真傳。
The Yuga Dharma or the path to God-realization changes from Meditation in Satya Yuga, to Sacrifice in Treta Yuga, to Worship/Puja in Dwapar Yuga, to chanting the Holy names in Kali Yuga.
正法或通往神之覺悟的道路,從真理時代的冥想,至二分時代變成獻祭,三分時代是崇拜/普祭,卡利時代是唱誦聖名。
At the end of Dwapar Yuga, sage Narad is said to have asked Lord Brahma the means to cross Kali yuga - the age of darkness, sickness, strife, discord, and ignorance.
在三分時代末,據說仙人那羅陀向主梵天請教超越卡利時代——黑暗、疾病、衝突、不和諧和無知時代的方法。
Brahma tells sage Narad that hearken to that which all Shrutis (the Vedas)keep secret and hidden, through which one may cross the Saṃsāra (mundane existence) of Kali. He shakes off (the evil effects of) Kali through the mere uttering of the name of Lord Narayana,who is the primeval Purusha.
梵天告訴那羅陀聆聽全部《吠陀經》保持隱晦,藉由它你可以穿越卡利的世俗存在(Saṃsāra)。他僅僅念誦主那羅衍那(Lord Narayana)的聖名就擺脫了卡利的(邪惡影響),那羅衍那是原初原人( Purusha)。
Narada asks to be told this name of Narayana,and Brahma replies:
那羅陀懇請賜教那羅衍那聖名,梵天回答:
Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama Hare Hare,Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna Hare Hare; these sixteen names are destructive of the evil effects of Kali. No better means than this is to be seen in all the Vedas.
Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama Hare Hare, Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna Hare Hare,這16個聖名對卡利的邪惡影響機具毀滅性,在全部《吠陀經》中,沒有看到比這更好的方法。
The mantra was popularized by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu roughly around 1500 C.E. when he began his mission to spread this mantra publicly to "every town and village" in the world, travelling throughout India, and especially within the areas of Bengal and Odisha.
大約公元1500年,柴坦尼亞·馬哈普拉布普及了這個咒語,當他開始他的使命——公開傳播此咒語到世界上的「每一個城鎮和村莊」,在整個印度,特別是在孟加拉和奧裡薩邦地區。
The practice of chanting the Maha mantra is recommended in the Puranas, the Pancharatra,and throughout Vaishnava literature in general. For example:
念誦摩訶咒的修持在《往世書》、《潘查拉特》和整個毗溼奴派文學中都有推薦。例如:
All the grievous sins are removed for one who worships Lord Hari, the Lord of all lords, and chants the holy name, the Maha-mantra.
—PadmaPurana, 3.50.6
當個人崇拜主哈裡,眾主之主,並吟唱聖名,即摩訶咒時,一切重罪皆被驅除。
——《蓮花往事書》3.50.6
Stava-mala-vidyabhusana-bhasya, Baladeva Vidyabhushana in Bhaktisiddhanta'sWhen the sixteen names and thirty-two syllables of the Maha Mantra mantra are loudly vibrated, Krishna dances on one's tongue當克裡希那咒的16個聖名和32個音節大聲振動時,克裡希那就在你的舌頭上跳舞。Gaudiya Kanthahara 17:30
[Anyone]can immediately become eligible to perform Vedic sacrifices if he once uttersthe holy name of the Supreme Personality of Godhead or chants about Him, hears about His pastimes, offers Him obeisances or even remembers Him."
—Bhagavata Purana, 3:33 6
(任何人)一旦說出神的至上人格聖名,或者歌頌他,聽聞他的逍遙遊戲,向他頂禮,甚至憶念他,就可以立即夠格舉行吠陀祭祀。」《博伽梵往世書》3:33 6
My dear king, although Kali yuga is full of faults, there is still one good quality about this age. It is that simply by chanting the Hare Krishna Maha mantra, one can become free from material bondage and be promoted to the transcendental kingdom.「我親愛的國王,雖然卡利年代充滿錯誤,但這個時代仍然具有一個良好品質,即僅僅通過吟唱「哈瑞克裡希那」偉大咒,一個人就可以從物質束縛中解脫出來,並被提升到超凡境界。」《聖典薄伽瓦譚》(12.3.51)The three words— Hare, Rama and Krishna,—are the seed sounds of the maha-mantra, Hare refers to the energy of that One Infinite Source of all of us. The energy that’s present all around us. Rama and Krishna refer to incarnations of Lord Vishnu.
Hare、Rama、Krishna這三個詞是摩訶咒的種子音,Hare指的是一切眾生能量、我們周遭能量的無限源泉;Rama、Krishna指的是主毗溼奴的化身。
When Chanting this Mantra, we are calling for that universal energy. This Mantra has the power to dissolve our bad habits and negative emotions. By chanting or listening to the Mantra, you become free from all anxiety and inner fears.
當我們念誦此梵咒時,我們是在呼喚宇宙的能量。該梵咒能夠驅散我們的壞習慣和負面情緒。通過吟誦或聆聽此梵咒,你將從一切焦慮和內心的恐懼中解脫出來。
Sound has the ability to affect our consciousness to a large extent. The quality of sound vibration that goes into our ears determines the quality of our consciousness. Sound has the highest capturing potency; our ideas, conceptions and visions all come to us from sound. We can transform our lives depending on the sound vibration that we hear. The Yoga texts recommend Maha-mantra as the prime sound vibration for this age which is full of anxiety and distress. The Maha-mantra is a spiritual sound vibration which brings us out of bodily consciousness and attaches our consciousness to the Supreme consciousness.
聲音在很大程度上能夠影響我們的意識,進入我們耳朵的聲音振動質量決定了我們意識的質量。聲音具有最高的捕獲能力,我們的思想、構想和幻象都來自聲音,取決於我們聽到的聲音振動,我們可以改變我們的生活。瑜伽經文推薦摩訶咒作為這個充滿焦慮和痛苦的時代的主要聲音振動。摩訶咒是一種靈性的聲音振動,它把我們從身體意識中帶出來,並把我們的意識附在至高意識上。
By chanting the mantra, one can get hold of their mind. We are all slaves to desires, appetites and the pool of whimsical thoughts that our mind can meander into. But as Bhagavad Gita says, 「One must conquer the mind. Those who have, their mind is the best of friends. Those who haven’t, their mind will be the greatest enemy.」 Chanting Maha Mantra can help one get that peace of mind.
通過念誦此咒,個人能夠掌控自己的心智。我們都是欲望、嗜好和異想天開思想的奴隸,我們的頭腦可以漫遊其中。但正如《博伽梵歌》所說「人必須徵服心智,那些做到的人,其心智是他們最好的朋友;那些做不到的人,其心智將成為他們最大的敵人。」念誦摩訶咒可以幫助個人獲得心智平靜。
We have become so accustomed to the material universe that we have forgotten our true self- the self of the spiritual. And when we have become so material, we have developed fears of death, old-age, and diseases. We fear the loss of beauty, intelligence, strength and countless other emotions. When we chant Maha Mantra, we realize that we are the pure, changeless spiritual souls, which is different from the material body. The mantra is a pure spiritual sound vibration, and it can help us develop the consciousness to understand our 『self』.
我們已經如此習慣於物質世界,以至於我們忘記了我們的真正自我——靈性自我。當我們變得如此物質時,我們開始對死亡、衰老和疾病產生恐懼。我們害怕失去美麗、智慧、力量和無數其他情感。當我們唱誦摩訶咒時,我們意識到我們是純潔的、不變的靈性靈魂,它不同於物質身體。該梵咒是一種純粹的靈性聲音振動,它可以幫助我們發展意識來了解我們的「自我」。
As Alexander Supertramp in Into the Wild (the book was written by Jon Krakauer) states, 「Happiness is only real when shared.」Everyone is in the hunt for happiness, and chanting Maha Mantra allows us to share our contact with God and his spirit, thus leading us to our bliss by entering his association. This is not material happiness, but instead transcendental happiness.
當超級流浪漢亞歷山大在《走進荒野》(此書由喬恩·科萊考爾所著)中說的那樣,「快樂只有在分享時才是真實的。」每個人都在尋找幸福,唱誦摩訶咒可以讓我們分享我們與神及其聖靈的接觸,從而通過與他的連接,引領我們達到喜樂,這並非物質上的喜樂,而是超然的喜樂。
The basic law of karma is equivalent to Newton’s third law of motion: 「For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction」. Spiritually, it means that for every material action performed, nature forces an equivalent reaction upon the performer. The Biblical saying goes: 「As ye sow, so shall ye reap」. Material activities are the same as planting seeds: You will get the plant of the same seed that you sow. Our material body transforms from one karmic destiny to another. Chanting Maha Mantra can help us build our positive karma as chanting Krishna means that weare chanting the name with transcendental energy.
因果報應的基本定律等同於牛頓第三運動定律「每個作用力都有相反且相等的反作用力。」在精神上,它意味著,對於每個被執行的物質行動,自然會在執行者身上施加一個同等的反應。經文中有句諺語「種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。」物質活動和播種是一樣的:種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。我們的物質身體從一個業力命運轉換到另一個業力命運。唱誦摩訶咒可以幫助我們建立善業,因為唱誦克裡希那意味著我們以超然的能量唱誦此聖名。
As a person goes from one karmic destiny to another, he/she is forced to reincarnate in the material world, thus moving from one life to another. The soul is an eternal being and we move from one material body to another. As long as we have the material desire, we will continue to do so. This is known as 『transmigration of a soul』 or『reincarnation』. To free ourselves of this cycle of life, we need moksha and the liberation from the endless wheel of birth and death is also known as 『samsara』. This can only be achieved when our consciousness is completely free from material desires.
當個人從一個業力命運到另一個業力命運,他/她被迫轉世到物質世界,從而從一個生命移動到另一個生命。靈魂是一個永恆的存在,我們從一個物質身體移動到另一個物質身體,只要我們存在物質欲望,輪迴就不會停止,這被稱為「靈魂的轉世」或「轉世」。要從生命的輪迴中解脫出來,我們需要解脫,從無盡的生死輪迴(samsara)中解脫出來。只有當我們的意識完全從物質欲望中解脫出來時,才能做到這一點
As we chant Maha Mantra, we open ourselves to the natural spiritual desires of the soul. It awakens the original God-consciousness within us and associates us with him. Through this, we can attain moksha.
當我們唱誦摩訶咒時,我們向靈魂的自然靈性願望敞開自己,它喚醒我們內在的原初神識,並將我們與祂聯繫在一起。通過這一點,我們可以達到解脫。
Rhythmic singing and chanting of the Maha mantra help us connect to this ultimate infinite source of energy, happiness, and divine bliss. Enhanced divine and spiritual energy calms the mind, helps us to get rid of negative and unproductive thoughts which in turn leaves the mind calm, peaceful, content, and in control.
有節奏的唱誦摩訶咒幫助我們連接到終極無限的能量、快樂和神聖的祝福的源頭。神性和靈性能量的提升能平靜心靈,幫助我們擺脫消極和無用的想法,從而使心靈平靜、平和、滿足和處於掌控中。
Especially in today’s world of instant gratification and quick-fix solutions, the virtue of self-control is becoming ararity. Lack of self-control slowly pervades all areas of our lives with the potential to adversely impact our physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Chanting the mantra restores the positive energy needed to succeed in all aspects of our lives. Mindful chanting of the Maha mantra in this age of Kali steeped in uncertainties, purifies the mind by dispelling negative and unproductive thoughts, fear, and anxiety. This, in turn, paves the way for optimal mental health that is centered around joy, peace, and happiness as well as physical wellbeing.
特別是在當今這個即時滿足和快速解決問題的世界,自我控制的美德變得越來越罕見。缺乏自控慢慢地滲透到我們生活的各個領域,對我們的身體、心理和精神健康產生潛在的負面影響。唱誦該梵咒能恢復我們生活中各個方面成功所需要的正能量。在這個充滿不確定性的卡利時代,虔心唱誦摩訶咒,通過驅散消極和無益的思想、恐懼和焦慮來淨化心靈。這反過來又為最佳的心理健康鋪平了道路,這種心理健康以快樂、平和、幸福和身體健康為中心。
The most important benefit of chanting the Maha Mantra mantra is to find God-realization and pure love of God. When our consciousness becomes one with God, our spiritual movement is depicted in our characters and behavior, just as how the sun approaches the horizon, it is preceded by warmth and illumination.
唱誦摩訶咒最重要的益處是發現神之覺知和對神純粹的愛。當我們的意識與神合一時,我們的靈性活動就會在我們的性格和行為中被表現出來,就像太陽接近地平線一樣,它的前面是溫暖和光明。
Likewise, the name of Krishna is revived in our heart, which has been missing since the start of Kali Yuga. One must understand that before the soul enters the material world, it has a unique, special relationship with God, and the strength of the relationship is way stronger than what it is like with the material body. When one chants the mantra, one starts to redevelop and strengthen this relationship with God.
同樣地,克裡希那的聖名在我們心中復活了,自從卡利年代開始,這個聖名就消失了。個人必須明白,在靈魂進入物質世界之前,它與神有一種獨特的、特殊的關係,這種關係的強度比它與物質身體的關係要強大得多。當一個人吟誦該咒語時,他就開始重新發展和加強與神的關係。
《聖典薄伽瓦譚》大法會奉獻者唱誦摩訶咒體會
1. 夢蝶老師,這兩天沒有交作業很抱歉,但是沒事時我就一直唱誦,不停的唱聽,感覺這兩天事業好順利,就是脾氣還是急躁,會一直跟隨你們,感恩遇見!
2. 我唱誦摩訶咒唱到全身充滿歡喜,對周圍充滿感恩,感覺自己是個孩子,全身自在、通透、安然。唱誦這個沒有特意感受外在神,而是感覺是自己和自己融在一起……自己就是唱誦,唱誦就是自己本身!
3. 今天必須要說一下感受,對一個長期情緒低迷的患者來說,這幾天我的心態發生了巨大轉變,每天都心系朗讀和唱誦,今天發現我也能打心裡快樂起來了,不自覺地想笑。
4. 謝謝老師們辛苦付出。雖然堅持的斷斷續續,但是每天充滿喜樂和希望。
5. 感恩老師,今天莫名的特別喜悅,心生歡喜!感覺超棒!非常感恩,第一次參加的感受是如此的美妙,心裡滿滿的富足感,很殊勝!
6. 謝謝老師,太感恩老師了,老師的辛苦付出造福了大家。真的是像您說的神的恩典已經讓我發生非常大的變化,最近我無憂無慮,之前的煩惱悄然放下了,生命又煥發生機了。
7. 這次大祭祀我真的在線了,給我針灸的醫生也突然開竅了,找到治療我的方向。大祭祀期間我一直能一覺睡到自然醒。