肩袖(rotator cuff)是由岡上肌、岡下肌、肩胛下肌、小圓肌的肌腱在肱骨頭前、上、後方形成的袖套樣肌樣結構。肩關節疼痛常見的原因為肩袖損傷,隨著年齡的增加,肩袖損傷的發病率逐漸上升。
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Rotator Cuff Injuries
肩袖損傷
Overview(概述)
The rotator cuff muscles and tendons hold your upper arm bone in your shoulder socket. A hard fall, repetitive arm motions or problems with the structure of your shoulder can injure the rotator cuff.
肩袖肌肉和肌腱將上臂的骨頭維繫在肩關節臼窩內。一次重重的摔倒、重複的手臂運動或肩膀的結構異常都會損傷肩袖。
Trauma and Overuse(創傷和過度使用)
A sudden tear in the rotator cuff can be caused by a traumatic fall, or by lifting a heavy weight incorrectly. Tears can also develop gradually. Repetitive arm motions – especially overhead motions common in sports such as tennis and baseball – can place great stress on your muscles and tendons. Certain muscles may begin to overpower others. This muscle imbalance can lead to shoulder instability, which can result in a tear.
肩袖突然撕裂可能由外傷跌倒、或不正確地舉起重物而引起。撕裂也可以是逐漸發展的。重複的上肢運動,尤其是過頂的動作,在體育運動中很常見,如網球和棒球運動,會對肌肉和肌腱施加很大的作用力。某些肌肉可能會比其它肌肉更強,這種肌肉的不平衡會導致肩部的不穩定,會導致撕裂。
Impingement(撞擊)
In some shoulders, there is not enough space between the rotator cuff and the acromion (a bony projection of your shoulder blade). This lack of space can be caused by a poorly-shaped acromion. It can be caused by the growth of bone spurs, or by swelling in the joint. Lifting the arm can cause the acromion to pinch a rotator cuff tendon. This is called shoulder impingement. Over time, it can lead to rotator cuff tears.
有些肩膀,肩袖和肩峰(肩胛骨上的一個突起)之間沒有足夠的空間。這種空間狹小可以由肩峰構形不良導致,也可以由於骨刺的生長或關節內腫脹而引起。當上肢上舉時可使肩峰擠壓肩袖肌腱。這就是所謂的肩部撞擊。隨著時間的推移,它會導致肩袖撕裂。
Aging(老化)
Aging also raises your risk for a tear. As you age, the blood supply to your shoulder begins to decrease. Your shoulder has a more difficult time repairing itself after minor injuries. Tendons and muscles can gradually become damaged with the normal stress of everyday use. This can allow tears to happen more easily.
老化也會增加撕裂的風險。隨著年齡增加,肩關節的血液供應開始減少。在輕微損傷以後,肩膀修復更困難,需要更長時間。日常使用的正常應力會使肌腱和肌肉逐漸受損,這會使撕裂更容易發生。
Symptoms(症狀)
Rotator cuff injuries typically cause pain in your shoulder, even when you are at rest. The pain typically increases when you lift your arm. You may hear a grinding or a popping sound when you move your arm. Your arm may feel weak. If you have a severe rotator cuff tear, you may not be able to lift your arm at all.
肩袖損傷通常會引起肩膀疼痛,即使在休息時。在上肢上舉時疼痛通常會增加。當活動手臂時,可能會聽到磨擦或彈響聲。手臂可能會感到乏力。如果肩袖撕裂嚴重,可能無法舉起手臂。
Treatment(治療)
Treatment options depend on the severity of your injury. You may benefit from rest and medications. Your healthcare provider may recommend injections or physical therapy. If those methods are not effective, surgery may be needed.
治療方案取決於你的損傷的嚴重程度。休息和藥物可能有助於改善症狀。醫學專家可能會建議注射或物理治療。如果這些方法無效,可能需要手術治療。
(胡佰文 譯)
相關閱讀:
中英文字幕:肩關節骨關節炎(Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder)
中英文字幕:小切口肩袖修補術
中英文字幕:肩關節不穩(Shoulder Instability)
中英文字幕:Latarjet手術(Latarjet Procedure)
中英文字幕:Hill-Sachs損傷(Hill-Sachs Lesion)
中英文字幕:盂唇撕裂(Glenoid Labrum Tear)
中英文字幕:凍結肩(Frozen Shoulder )
中英文字幕:肩胛骨骨折(Fractures of the Shoulder Blade (Scapula))
中英文字幕:肱骨大結節骨折(Fractures of the Greater Tuberosity)
中英文字幕:鎖骨骨折(Clavicle Fracture)
中英文字幕:鎖骨外側端切除術(關節鏡下切除技術)Distal Clavicle Excision
骨科手術早知道115:鎖骨外側端切除術(Distal Clavicle Resection)
骨科手術早知道154:鎖骨骨折(Clavicle Fracture)
中英文字幕:肩鎖關節分離修復術Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Separation Repair
中英文字幕:肱二頭肌腱炎(Biceps Tendinitis)
中英文字幕:關節鏡下肩關節囊皺縮術(Arthroscopic Capsular Plication)
中英文字幕:肩鎖關節炎(Acromioclavicular Joint Arthritis)
中英文字幕:肩鎖關節分離修復術Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Separation Repair
中英文字幕:關節鏡下Bankart修補術(ARTHROSCOPIC BANKART REPAIR)
醫學動畫:關節鏡下肩袖修補術(Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair)
骨科小病不求醫028:肩關節的解剖(ANATOMY OF THE SHOULDER)
骨科小病不求醫029:肩關節骨關節炎(OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE SHOULDER)
骨科小病不求醫030:肩袖損傷(ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES)
骨科疾病早知道009:肩關節撞擊症候群(Shoulder Impingement Syndrome)
骨科手術早知道019:關節鏡下肩袖修補術(ARTHROSCOPIC ROTATOR CUFF REPAIR)
骨科手術早知道021:肩關節撞擊症手術治療(SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SURGERY)
骨科手術早知道107:肩關節前盂唇修補術(Bankart Repair)
骨科手術早知道114:診斷性肩關節鏡(Diagnostic Shoulder Arthroscopy)
骨科手術早知道116:肩袖完全撕裂修補術(Fully Torn Rotator Cuff Repair)
骨科手術早知道124:肩袖部分撕裂(Partially Torn Rotator Cuff)
骨科手術早知道143:撕裂盂唇修剪術(Trimming of Torn Labrum)
骨科手術早知道171:肩袖修補術(Rotator Cuff Repair)
骨科手術早知道172:肩關節鏡(Shoulder Arthroscopy)
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