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可愛的（致命的）海獅.mp3
04:36來自不認真說事兒
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中英文稿
Sunning themselves on rocks or waddling awkwardly across the beach,
巖石上曬著太陽 或海灘上蹣跚的海獅，
it’s easy to think of these immobile mammals less as sea lions,
這些不能正常行走的哺乳動物 容易讓人覺得不像海獅，
and more as sea house cats.
而是像家貓。
But don’t be fooled by their beachside behavior.
但不要被它們在海灘上的行為所誤導。
Under the waves, sea lions are incredible endurance hunters.
海浪之下，海獅是耐力超強的獵手，
Hurtling around at speeds from 4 to 18 miles an hour
它們時速可達4到18英裡，
and hunting for up to 30 hours at a time,
一次狩獵可長達30個小時，
these majestic mammals live up to their name.
這些了不起的哺乳動物 絕對是實至名歸。
And thanks to a suite of physical adaptations,
得益於一系列的身體適應變化，
finely tuned over millions of years, they make for resourceful foragers.
歷經數百萬年的細微調整， 它們成為足智多謀的覓食者。
To find their favorite food,
為找到最喜歡的食物，
sea lions hunt much deeper than many of their semi-aquatic peers.
海獅的水下捕食深度 遠超許多半水棲同類。
With some species diving to depths of nearly 400 meters,
有些海獅種類可下潛到近400米，
they’re able to cope with the mounting pressure
面對不斷增加的水下壓力，
by collapsing their pliable rib cage, and compressing a pair of springy lungs.
它們收縮柔韌的肋骨、 壓縮富有彈性的肺。
This pushes air up through the smaller airways,
使肺部空氣上行通過狹窄呼吸道，
collapsing rings of cartilage as oxygen travels out from the lungs,
肺部氧氣流出時， 軟骨環同時收縮，
to be held in the larger, upper airways.
把空氣封閉在更大的上呼吸道中。
Upon surfacing, this air will be used to re-inflate the lungs,
浮出水面時，這些空氣 又會重新充滿肺部，
but for now their heart slows down to preserve oxygen.
但現在，它們要減緩心跳來節省氧氣。
Blood flow is redirected towards only the most essential organs
血液流向被改變， 僅流經最重要的器官，
like the heart, lungs, and brain,
如心臟，肺和大腦，
which rely on reserve oxygen stored in blood and muscle.
這些器官依賴於血液 和肌肉中儲備的氧氣。
Once they arrive at their hunting ground,
一旦抵達獵場，
sea lions depend on their superior vision to find their prey.
海獅憑藉絕佳視力來發現獵物。
Most mammal eyes have a structure called a lens–
多數哺乳動物的眼睛 都有一種晶狀體結構 ——
a transparent, convex structure whose shape refracts light to enable sight.
一種透明、凸起的結構， 可折射光線成像。
In humans, this lens is curved to process light waves traveling through air.
人類的晶狀體是弧形的， 可以處理穿過空氣的光波，
But sea lions need to see their best at hundreds of meters deep.
但海獅需要看清幾百米深的地方。
To accommodate, their eyes have a much rounder lens to refract light underwater,
為了適應環境，它們擁有更圓的 晶狀體來折射水下光線，
as well as teardrop-shaped pupils
同時還擁有淚珠狀的瞳孔，
which can expand to 25 times their original size.
其瞳孔可以擴大25倍。
This lets in as much light as possible,
這可以使儘可能多的光線進入眼睛，
helping them pinpoint their prey in even the dimmest conditions.
幫它們在最昏暗的環境下 準確地找到獵物。
But once they』ve closed in,
但一旦它們接近了獵物，
they rely on something akin to a sixth sense to actually catch their meal.
它們依靠類似第六感來捕獲食物。
Their whiskers, or vibrissae,
它們的鬍鬚，或觸鬚，
are composed of keratin and full of nerve fibers
由角蛋白組成，富含神經纖維，
that run deep into the connective tissue of their face.
神經纖維深入其臉部結締組織。
Sea lions have full directional control over these whiskers,
海獅可全方位控制鬍鬚，
which can lie flat against their face, or stick out at a 90-degree angle.
既可平貼臉上， 也能90度直直探出。
When properly tuned,
適當調整後，
these whiskers can sense the slim trails of moving water fish leave in their wake.
鬍鬚能感知魚兒遊動留下的細小痕跡。
And they’re precise enough to let blindfolded sea lions
蒙眼的海獅可以通過鬍鬚精確地區分
tell the difference between objects less than two centimeters different in size.
大小相差不到兩釐米的物體。
With these tools a healthy sea lion can catch generous helpings of fish
藉助這些工具，健康的海獅 每次外出時都能捕獲大量魚類，
such as anchovy, mackerel, and squid on every outing.
如鳳尾魚，鯖魚和魷魚。
And with their exceptional memories, they can remember multiple hunting grounds,
憑藉超凡記憶力， 它們能記住多個獵場，
including those they haven’t visited in decades.
包括幾十年沒去的獵場。
This memory also extends to breeding territories and birthing areas,
海獅也能記住繁殖和分娩區域，
as well as which neighbors are friend and foe.
以及那些鄰居是敵是友。
There’s even evidence that sea lions can remember how to perform tasks
甚至有證據表明， 海獅還能記住如何在某地狩獵，
after 10 years with no practice in between,
即使10年沒在那裡狩獵，
letting them navigate old stomping grounds with ease.
這種超強記憶 令其輕鬆巡遊舊地盤。
Yet despite these incredible adaptations,
然而，儘管有這些驚人的適應力，
there are changes unfolding in their habitats
棲息地的變化
too rapidly for sea lions to handle.
還是快得讓海獅難以適應。
As climate change warms the oceans, certain toxic algae species thrive.
隨著氣候變化讓海洋變暖， 某些有毒藻類繁榮生長。
This algae is harmless to the fish who eat it,
這種藻類對吃它的魚無害，
but for the sea lions which ingest those fish,
但對於以這些魚為食的海獅來說，
the algae’s domoic acid can trigger seizures and brain damage.
藻類的軟骨藻酸 會引發癲癇和腦損傷。
Changing ocean conditions keep this algae blooming year round,
不斷變化的海洋環境 使這種藻類終年繁盛，
causing more and more sea lions to wash up on beaches.
導致越來越多的海獅死亡， 被衝到海灘上。
This tragic discovery is just one of the many ways
這種悲劇的發現只是，
the health of aquatic animal communities can help us
我們通過水生動物健康狀況，
better understand Earth’s oceans.
來更好地了解地球海洋的方式之一。
These red flags help us take action
這些紅色警示幫助我們採取行動，
to protect ourselves and other maritime mammals.
去保護自己和其它海洋哺乳動物。
And the more we can learn about the changing ocean that sea lions inhabit,
越了解海獅棲息地海洋的變化，
the better equipped we』ll be to help these clever creatures thrive.
我們就能更好地幫助這些 聰明的動物繁衍壯大。
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