http://www.hteacher.net 2019-09-03 08:58 教師招聘網 [您的教師考試網]
英語常見句式-It 句式小結
一、It 作形式主語的句型
① It + be + adj (kind , wise , careless, clever …) + of sb to do sth
Eg: It is wise of him to make such a decision.他做出這樣的決定是明智的。
② It + be + adj(easy , safe , common , normal …) + for sb to do sth
該句型中adj若為important, necessary, natural, possible, strange, vital, essential等可改為從句,從句用should+動詞原形。.
Eg: It’s very dangerous for children to play with fire.
It is important for us to learn English well.
(= It is important that we (should) learn English well.)
③ It + be +V-ed( reported, believed, said, suggested…) + that 從句
該句型中：⑴若V-ed為reported, believed, said等常譯為「據報導」，「據認為」，「據說」。⑵若V-ed為suggested, ordered, demanded, insisted等表示「建議」,「命令」的詞，從句要用虛擬語氣(should)+動詞原形。
Eg: It is suggested that the book (should) be revised.
It’s said that Tom has been back from abroad.
(=Tom is said to have been back from abroad.)
④ It + be + n (a pity, a shame, a fact , good news…) + that 從句:
該句型中，從句一般用(should) + 動詞原形，表示出乎意料，常譯為"竟然"。
Eg: It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.
這種事竟然發生在你們班上，真是遺憾!
⑤ It is useless/no use/no good + doing sth
此句型中的it是形式主語, 其後的動名詞短語是真正的主語,譯為「做…沒有用」。
Eg : It useless arguing with him further.
It’s no use talking with him, because he won’t listen.
⑥ It takes sb. ... to do sth.
該句型中it是形式主語，真正的賓語是to do sth，常譯為"做...要花費某人..."。
Eg: It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
二、It 作形式賓語的句型
1. sb find/ believe/ think/ feel/ consider/ make + it +n/adj +to do或從句
該句型中的it 作形式賓語。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為「6123結構」。6 指主句中常用的動詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;1 指的是形式賓語 it;2 指的是賓補的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞;3 指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動名詞短語或that引導的賓語從句。
Eg: We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
2. 主語+hate / dislike / love / like +it + when-從句
Eg: I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.
3. 主語+appreciate +it + if-從句
Eg: I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.
4. sb. depend on/count on/rely on/ see to(負責，確保) / answer for it that…
Eg: You may rely on it that he won’t be late.
You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.
5. sb. take it for granted that… 認為……是理所當然的
Eg: I take it for granted that he will succeed.
三、It 引導的時間句型
⑴ It + is+ 時間段 + since引導的時間狀語從句:
該句型中從句一般用過去時態，句意為「自從......以來已多久了」
Eg : It is 5 minutes since the bus left. 公汽開走已有5分鐘了
⑵ It + be + 時間段 + before引導的時間狀語從句:
該句型中，主句謂語動詞be若為肯定式，意為「過多久才......」;若為否定式時，意為「沒過多久就......」。
Eg : It will be 3 hours before he comes back.要過三個小時他才會回來
It was 3 hours before he came back. 過了三個小時他才回來
⑶ It + be + 時間點 + when引導的時間狀語從句
這個句型中, it 代指時間，表示時間點的詞前沒有介詞。
Eg : It will be Monday when he comes back. 他周一的時候回來.
It was Monday when he came back. 他周一回來的.
對比：It was on Monday that he came back . (強調句)
⑷ It + is (about/high) time + (that) sb did/should do sth
意為「該是某人做…的時候了」， about/high是用於加強語氣，that從句用should或動詞一般過去時表虛擬。亦可轉換成 It + is+ time +(for sb )to do sth.
Eg : It’s (high/about) time (that) we handed in/should hand in our homework.
⑸ It / This / That +is+ the first(second …) time + that sb has done sth:
意為「這是某人第…次做…」，注意time前有序數詞，主句是 is 時 ，從句要用現在完成時;如果主句用was ，則從句須用過去完成時。
Eg : It is the third time that I have seen the film.
That was the second time that I have been there.
四、It 引導的強調句
☆強調句形式：It + is/was +被強調的部分+ that/who 從句
Eg: It was last week that I met an old friend in the street.
It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.
(強調原因狀語從句時，只能強調由because所引導的從句.)
☆判斷方法：將It is/was和that去掉，若該句是一個完整無缺的句子即為強調句.
☆常考考點：
①強調句型中的主謂一致
Eg: It is you，rather than he，that are to blame for the accident.
②插入從句的強調句型
Eg: It was in the restaurant where we had dinner last Sunday that you left your wallet.
③強調句型的一般疑問句、特殊疑問句形式
一般疑問句：Is / Was it + 被強調部分+ that + 句子其餘部分 ?
Eg: Was it in 1933 that the Second World War broke out?
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ be + it + that + 句子其餘部分?
Eg: When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?
④強調句型用於名詞性從句, 尤其注意要使用陳述語序。
Eg: I don’t know when it was that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?
⑤not until用於強調句型
It is / was not until +被強調部分+ that +其他部分
Eg : It was not until midnight that she went back home.
此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句型，till和until可通用。因為句型中It is / was not...已經是否定句了，that後面的從句要用肯定句。
五、It其他常見用法：
It looks / appears as if ... 看起來好像……
It seems that ... 似乎……
It turns out that... 原來是……
It occurs to/strikes sb that… 突然想到……
It happened that ... 碰巧……
It doesn’t matter whether/if…無論是…沒關係
It is no wonder that 難怪…
It all depends/that all depends.那得看情況
It's up to sb.由……決定，由……負責，取決於……
as it is (1)事實上，實際情況是……; (2)照原樣
make it成功、做到、說定
Believe it or not.信不信由你
How did it come about that … 「……怎麼發生的?」
六、練一練
1. The boy became fatter and fatter each day and ___made his parents sad.
A.which B.what C.he D.it
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is
3. In fact, ___is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A.this B.that C.there D.it
4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ___didn’t help.
A.he B.which C.she D.it
5. Does___matter whether he can finish the job on time?
A.this B.that C.he D.it
6. ___used to be thought that the earth was square.
A.He B.What C.It D.That
7. I took ___for granted that he would believe in us.
A.that B.the thing C.it D.this
8. He lived in poverty, and he couldn’t help ___.
A.so B.such C.it D.that
9. We had to be patient because it___some time ___we got the full results.
A.has been ; since B.had been ; until
C.was; after D.would be ; before
10. ____four years since I joined the army.
A.There was B.There is C.It was D.It is
答案解析
1.D。it指代上文提到的事。另外，指代上文提到的情況，還可用that;指代下文的情況用this。
2.D。it作人稱代詞,用來指代身份和性別等不明確的人。
3.D。it作形式主語,真正主語為不定式複合結構for sb. to do sth.
4.D。it指代前一分句的內容。
5.D。it作形式主語，代替if從句所表達的內容。
6.C。it作形式主語，代替真正主語that從句。
7.C。it作形式賓語，代替後面的that從句。
8.C。can’t/couldn’t help (it)意為「是沒有辦法的事」，「控制不了」。
9.D。在it +be+一段時間+before/after/since句型中，before從句中的動作經過該段時間後才會實現;after從句中的動作完成後已經過去了一段時間;since從句中的動作完成後到現在已經有一段時間了。
10.D。參見注9。
責任編輯：大白
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