這篇是技術貼，主要列出了拼讀拼寫中的一些規則，需要認真學習。
學習方法是在學習單詞的過程中，遇到相應的規則就教給孩子，不用逐條背誦規則。
記住這些規則，媽媽再也不用擔心孩子的英文拼讀了。
1、 Q U
Rule：Q is always followedby U. U is not a vowel here.(queen)
規則：Q後面總是跟著U，U在這裡不是元音。（比如：queen）。
2、 C
Rule: The letter C usually says [k] (cat,cot, cut), but C saysbefore e, i, or y(cent, city, cycle).
規則：C通常發音[k] (比如：cat, cot, cut)，但是C 在e, i, y前發音。(比如：cent, city, cycle)
3、 G
Rule: The letter g usually says [g] (gate,go, gust), but g may say [d] before e, i, or y (page, giant, gym). The letterse and i following g do not always make the g say [d] (get, girl, give)
規則：G通常發音[g]，但是G 在e, i, y前可能發音[d]。e和i 不一定總是讓前面的g發音[d] (比如：get, girl, give)
4、 A,E,O,U
Rule: A, E, O, U usually say letter name atthe end of a syllable.7 D! \8 M3 k+ r
規則：A, E, O, U在音節尾通常發音字母音。
5、I & Y
Rule: I and Y may say [ai]at the end of asyllable (si lent, cy cle), but usually say (in ci dent, cy cli cal). Theunaccented suffix-y may say [i:] at the end of a word(ba by, dad dy). The i atthe end of a syllable before another vowel that begins the next syllable maysay [i:](ra di o, me di a)- S5 C/ N/ A9 m, w6 Y
規則：I 和 Y 在音節尾可能發音[ai],但通常發音。
非重讀音節詞尾的後綴y，可能讀[i:]（實際發音處在長音[i:]和短音之間）。I 在音節尾、下一音節首是另一元音時，i 可能會讀[i:] (ra di o, me di a, period, curious);
6、Y not I
Rule: English words do not end in i, j, uor v. the letter y, not i, is used at the end of an English word(my).
規則：英語單詞不以i, j, u o或者 v 結尾。用y替代i用在英語單詞詞尾。
7、silent final Es
Rule 7-1: silent final e is to let thevowel say its second sound(letter name)
規則7-1：結尾不發音e使跟它隔一個字母的元音字母發第二音（即字母音，長音）
Rule 7-2: silent final e is to prevent usfrom ending an English word with u or v, because English words do not end in i,j, u or v.
規則7-2：避免u和v出現在英語單詞詞尾。因為英語單詞不以i, j, u 或者 v結尾。
Rule 7-3: silent final e is to soften a cor g(to make c says,g says [d])
規則7-3: 使c和g讀輕音（使c讀，g讀[d]）
Rule 7-4: silent final e is to prevent usfrom having a syllable with no vowel. Every syllable must have a written vowel.
規則7-4: 避免一個音節中沒有元音。因為每一個音節都必須要有一個元音字母。
Rule 7-5ther jobs or unknown reasons:
(1) The E keeps a word that is notplural from ending in an 『s』 Ex: dense(not dens),purse(not purs),false(notfals).跟其他單詞的複數形式做區別。
(2) The E adds length to a shortmain-idea word. Ex.: are, ewe, rye.避免單詞過短。
(3) The E gives a distinction inmeaning between homonyms. Ex: or/ore, for/fore.與同音字相區別。
(4) The E is left over from MiddleEnglish or a foreign language where the final E was once pronounced. Ex:treatise, giraffe.在中古英語或外來語中曾經發音的e得以保留下來。
8、WOR
Rule: The phonogram or may say [:] afterthe w(works).
規則：or通常讀[r:],但是or跟在w後，通常讀[:]（例外，仍讀[r:] worn sworn sword）
9、IE or EI
Rule: We use the ie most often. We use theie to say [i:](piece), as a suffix(mov ie), to say[ai](pie). We use the eiafter c(re ceive),if we say [ei],and in some exceptions.(Either weird foreignsovereign forfeited leisure. Neither heifer seized counterfeit protein.)
規則：
ie:我們最常用ie.(發音為[i:],[ ai]時用ie，表示後綴時也用ie)
ei：用ei有三種情況：1.在c後；2.如果讀[ei]（因為ie沒有[ei]這個讀音）；3.例外，這些詞可以用以下兩個句子：
Either weird foreign sovereign forfeitedleisure.
Neither heifer seized counterfeit protein.
10、SH
Rule: SH is used at the beginning of aword(she),at the end of a syllable/word(fish/fish es),but not at the beginningof any syllable after the first one(na tion), except for theending-ship(friendship).)
Rule:
規則：SH用在單詞詞首、在音節或單詞尾，但不用在非第一音節的其他首位（除了後綴-ship）
11、TI, SI, CI
Rule11-1: The ti, si, ci say [] at thebeginning of any syllable after the first one.
規則11-1：ti, si, ci 用在非第一音節的其他首位，讀[]。
Rule11-2: The si say [] when the precedingsyllable ends with s (ses sion) and when the root word has an s(manse/mansion).Only si can say []except for ti in 「equation」(vision)
規則11-2:前面的音節以S結尾或者當根詞以s結尾，si讀[]，TI, SI, CI中只有si 可以讀[]（除了equation中的ti）
12、ABBREVIATIONS 縮寫詞
Use a few letters to represent a larger word(Mr. =Mister, m=meter, CA=California).
13、CONTRACTIONS 縮略詞
Replace a letter (or letters) with anapostrophe to contract (or shorten)a phrase(I am=I’m).
14、Rule 1-1-1 suffix
Rule: With a one-syllable wordending in one vowel then one consonant, double the last consonantbefore adding a vowel suffix(get, getting).
規則：以一個元音加一個輔音結尾的單音節單詞，加以元音開頭的後綴時，雙寫最後一個輔音。
15、Rule 2-1-1 Accent
Rule: With a two-syllable word ending inone vowel the one consonant, double the last consonant before adding avowel suffix IF the accent is on the last syllable.(for get, for getting)
規則：以一個元音加一個輔音結尾的雙音節或多音節詞，加以元音開頭的後綴時，如果重音在最後一個音節，則雙寫輔音後再加後綴。
16、E’s Dropping Rule
Rule: Silent final Es commonly lose theneed for the E when adding a vowel suffix(hope/hoping/hopeless). In words likenoticeable or changeable rules 2 and 3 override rule 16
規則：當加以元音開頭的後綴時，一般要去掉結尾不發音的e。但是當符合規則2,3的詞比如noticeable 或 changeable，要按照規則2,3，而不用規則16。
17、F F, L L, S S
Rule: We often double F, L, S after asingle vowel at the end of a base word (off, all, confess).
Occasionally other letters are doubled inthis way (ebb, odd, egg, inn, err, watt, jazz).
規則：單元音後面，詞尾的f, l, s通常要雙寫。（有時還有其他一些字母也雙寫ebb, odd, egg, inn, err, watt, jazz）
18、AY
Rule: AY usually says [ei] at the end of abase word (may, pay). When a word ends with a it says [a:]（ma）.
規則：ay用在單詞結尾時通常讀[ei]。在詞尾的a讀[a:]。
19、I&O
Rule: I and O may say [ai] and [u] whenfollowed by two consonants (find, cold).
規則：I 和O後面跟著兩個輔音，可能發音[ai]和[u]。
20、S, X &Suffix-es
Rule20-1: to make most nouns plural, justadd-s. When the word hisses (ch, tch, sh, x, s, z), changes, or just stops withO, add-es. Occasional words have no change, an internal change, or an irregularspelling.
規則20-1：一般加s。尾音類似「嘶嘶」音的(ch, tch, sh, x, s, z)、需要y變i、f變v(wife/wives; fly/flies)、或者以o結尾的(tomato/tomatoes)，加es。少量單詞的複數形式保持原形不變（sheep/sheep），或只變中間（man/men），或是無變化規則的拼寫形式（alumnus/alumni; piano/pianos）。
Rule20-2：X is never directlybefore S. (boxes, excel). There is a sound in X.
規則20-2：X從來不用在s前面。X裡有的發音。
21、Dismiss L rule
Rule: the words ALL, FULL and till arewritten with one L when they are added to another syllable. (almost, fulfill,careful, until).
規則：all, full, till, 當它們加到詞根上形成另一個音節時，只寫一個L。
22、DGE
Rule: DGE is used only after a single vowelwhich says []-[e]--[]-[] (badge, edge, ridge, lodge, fudge).
規則：三個字母音圖[d](dge)，可用在讀[]-[e]--[]-[]的單元音後面。
23、TCH
Rule: TCH may be used after a single vowelwhich does not say [ei]-[i:]-[ai]-[u]-[ju:](match, watch, sketch, blotch,crutch, butcher)
規則：TCH [t],可用在不讀[ei]-[i:]-[ai]-[u]-[ju:]的單元音後面。
24、Y’s Suffixes
Rule: The single vowel Y (not phonogramsay, ey or oy) changes to i when adding a suffix(try/tried, pup py/pup pies)unless the suffix starts with an i (-ing/try ing, -ish/ba by ish).
規則：以單元音y結尾的單詞，加後綴時，要將y改成i，以i開頭的後綴除外。
25、CK
Rule: CK used only after a single vowelwhich says[]-[e]--[]-[](back, peck, pick, pock et, truck)
規則：CK只用在讀[]-[e]--[]-[]的單元音後面。
26、CAPITALIZE
Rule: Individual names or titles of persons(Jesus), place(Ohio) or things(Bible).
規則：大寫規則。專有名詞首字母大寫。
27、Z, NEVER S& u0 r4 ]! u) T0 N! k
Rule: The z, never s, is used to say [z] atthe beginning of a root word (zebra, zoo).
規則：單詞開頭髮音[z]，用z，永遠不會用s。
28、ED
Rule: The ed says[d]and[t]as the past tenseending of any root word that does not end in the sound [d](killed)or[t](liked).When the ed says[ed]after words ending with d(land/ land ed) or t(act/act ed)they form another syllable.
規則：根詞詞尾讀[d]或[t]時，過去式後綴ed讀[ed]，形成另一個音節。根詞詞尾不讀[d]或[t]時，過去式後綴ed讀[d]或[t]。根詞詞尾是voiced sound（濁音），讀[d]（voiced）；根詞詞尾是unvoiced sound（清音），讀[t]（unvoiced）。
29、Double Consonants
Rule: Double consonants within words ofmore than one syllable should both be sounded for spelling (lit tle, but ton)
規則：多音節單詞中雙寫輔音的，為拼寫目的需要都讀出來（這是給指導教師聽寫用的規則，學生不需要學習）。