句子：最近，這兩家公司一直在搞惡性競爭，而不是良性競爭。
誤譯：Recently, the two companies have been carrying on a malignant competition, instead of a virtuous one。
正譯：
1) Recently, the two companies have been carrying on a malignant competition, instead of a benign one。
2)Recently, the two companies have been carrying on a vicious competition, instead of a virtuous one。
解釋：malignant 的反義詞是benign，如「惡性腫瘤」是malignant tumour，而「良性腫瘤」是benign tumour。vicious 的反義詞是 virtuous，如「惡性循環」是vicious circle，而「良性循環」是
virtuous circle。表示「惡性競爭」和「良性競爭」時，要用malignant competition和benign competition，或 vicious competition和 virtuous competition，不可混淆。
「惡性」的意思是「能產生嚴重或危險後果的」。英語可以譯為vicious, malignant, pernicious, grave, cutthroat。例如：
1. 圈地的後果是將貧窮農民陷入貧困的惡性循環。The effect of the land enclosure was to leave the poor peasants in a vicious circle of poverty。
2. 中藥治療惡性腫瘤有其獨特的優勢。The treatment of malignant tumour with traditional Chinese medicine has its unique advantage。
3. 大學生畢業後面臨著惡性競爭。University students are confronted with cutthroat competition after graduation。
「惡性通貨膨脹」可譯為 galloping inflation, runaway inflation, rampant inflation, malignant inflation, vicious inflation, virulent inflation, boiling inflation, hyperinflation。
例如：
4. 政府已採取有效措施遏制惡性通貨膨脹。The government has taken effective measures to curb/check/halt/curtail the galloping inflation。
5. 這次加息的目的是為了防止惡性通貨膨脹。The increase in interest rates this time is for the purpose of preventing malignant inflation.