– Oct 25, 2017
From baby bottles to optical lenses to television or mobile phones… the applications list is never ending for transparent plastics. Today, we are surrounded by several clear or transparent plastic materials that make product more attractive as well as portable to use over traditional glass.
從奶瓶到光學透鏡到電視或行動電話…，透明塑料的應用列表是無窮無盡的。今天，我們被一些透明塑料包圍著它們使產品較之於傳統的玻璃更加引人入勝，用起來也更便捷。
Nowadays, several manufacturers are taking advantage of the inherent quality and consistency of transparent plastic materials by incorporating them in several applications to:
當今，一些製造商正在利用透明塑料材料的固有品質和恆定的性質而將其應用於：
• Manufacture lightweight, durable and shatter-resistant products
• 製造輕量化、耐用和耐破碎的產品
• Lower production costs
• 降低生產成本
• Produce complex geometry and uniquely shaped components
• 生產具有複雜幾何結構獨特形狀的部件
• Achieve visible light transmission and/or optical refractive power comparable to glass
• 相對於玻璃，透明塑料可以達到可見光的透過和/或光學折射能力
• And many more…
• 以及其它應用…
Some of the popular applications benefiting from above mentioned advantages are:
一些常見的應用從上述提到的優點中獲得好處：
1. Packaging (food, cosmetics…)
包裝（食品，化妝品..）
2. Consumer products (Food processing jars, data storage products, lenses…)
消費品（食品加工罐，數據儲存產品，透鏡…）
3. Glazing for buildings (aquarium, security shields…)
建築玻璃（水族館，安全保護…）
4. Automotive & electrical components (LEDs, headlamp covers…)
汽車和電子部件（LED，前燈罩殼…）
5. Healthcare (syringes, …)
健康（注射器...）
6. Agricultural films
農膜
However, this range of applications is very broad, it is remarkable that only a few polymer types meet the demanding material specifications.
但是，這類應用範圍很寬，明面地，只有一些聚合物類型可以滿足苛刻的材料規定。
Let’s take a look at this 『sparkling』 category of plastics and discuss some of the transparent polymers (PC, PMMA, PET, SMMA, COC…and more) for their features and popular applications!
讓我們看看這份「星光燦爛」的塑料目錄，就其特徵和常見應用討論一些透明聚合物（PC, PMMA, PET, SMMA, COC…和更多）！
Polycarbonate
聚碳酸酯
Polycarbonate (PC) is a high-performance tough, amorphous and transparent thermoplastic polymer offering unique combination of properties such as high impact strength, dimensional stability, good mechanical properties, etc. It can transmit over 90% light and block ultraviolet radiation and provide 100% protection from the sun's harmful UV rays.
聚碳酸酯（PC）是一種高韌性、無定型和透明熱塑性聚合物，具有獨特的綜合性能，例如高衝擊強度，尺寸穩定性，優良的力學性能，等等，它可以透過90%的光線，阻擋紫外光輻射，並能對於太陽有害的UV射線提供100%的保護。
Polycarbonate is used in a large variety of everyday applications:
聚碳酸酯用於許多日常應用之中：
• Electrical and electronics (LED lights, Connectors, cell phones…)
• 電子電器（LED燈，連接器，蜂窩電池…）
• Automotive (Headlight bezels, door handles, radiator grills and inner lenses)
• 汽車（前燈擋板，門把手，散熱器格柵和內透鏡）
• Agriculture (Greenhouse covering materials)
• 農業（溫室罩蓋材料）
• Consumer goods (eyewear, appliances, food contact…)
• 消費品（護目鏡，電器，食品接觸…）
• Medical (surgical instruments, devices…)
• 醫療（手術儀器，設備…）
Transparent sheets made up of PC are up to 200 times stronger than its equivalent thickness in glass on impact tests and easy to cut.
由PC製造的透明片材比同等厚度的玻璃在衝擊測試時強度高200倍，且易於切割。
PMMA or Acrylic
PMMA或丙烯酸酯樹脂
PMMA is a rigid, transparent thermoplastic material widely used as a 「shatter-resistant」 alternative to glass. Over other clear plastics (PC, PS), this polymer has several technical advantages such as:
PMMA是一種剛性的透明的熱塑性材料，廣泛用作替代玻璃的耐破碎材料。相對於其它透明塑料中（PC，PS），這種聚合物具有幾個優勢：
• High resistance to UV light and weathering,
• 高耐紫外線和耐候
• Upto 92% Light transmission & optical properties
• 高達92%的光透過率和光學性質
• Unlimited coloring options
• 無限的著色可能性
These benefits make PMMA sheets suitable for architecture and construction to build greenhouses, marine centers; car windows, light covers, lamps, electronic equipment display, designer furniture and many more.
這些優點使得PMMA片材適合於建築和施工，比如建造溫室，海洋中心；汽車窗戶，遮光板，燈具，電子設備顯示器，時興家具，等等。
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）
PET is a general-purpose, clear thermoplastic polymer known for its excellent combination of properties such as mechanical-, thermal-, chemical resistance as well as dimensional stability. PET may appear opaque, white and transparent depending on its crystalline and amorphous structure.
PET是一種通用的透明熱塑性聚合物，因其良好的綜合性能而著名，例如力學耐受性，耐熱性，耐化學性以及尺寸穩定性。PET可能表現為不透明、白色或者透明，這取決於其結晶和無定型結構。
The desirable properties of PET (clear, lightweight, high strength, stiffness high chemical resistance, barrier properties and low price) make it the material of choice for:
PET令人滿意的性質（透明，質輕，高強度，高剛，高耐化學性，阻隔性和廉價）使得它成為下列應用的首選材料：
• Water bottles水瓶
• Carbonated soft drinks containers碳酸軟飲料容器
• Fibers纖維
• Films薄膜
Due to low cost, better aesthetic appearance, and better handling, PET is being preferred over polycarbonate (PC).
由於其低成本，更好的外觀和更好的加工方法，PET比聚碳酸酯（PC）更受偏愛。
Amorphous Copolyester (PETG)
無定型共聚酯（PETG）
Copolyester forms when modifications are made to polyesters, which are combinations of diacids and diols. Amorphous copolyesters such as PETG offer versatility to meet a wide range of applications. Amorphous copolyester combines excellent clarity and toughness with outstanding heat and chemical resistance.
共聚酯是對包含二酸和二醇組成的聚酯做出改性的產物。無定型共聚酯，如PETG，具有多用性，能滿足寬範圍的應用。無定型共聚酯同時具有良好的透明性和韌性，並具有傑出的耐熱性和耐化學性。
PETG can be a drop-in replacement for PC, PMMA, and PC/Polyester with minor or no modifications.
PETG可以簡易替代PC、PMMA和PC/聚酯，只需微小的改性或無需改性。
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
聚氯乙烯（PVC）
PVC is an amorphous thermoplastic with good transparency. Clear PVC sheets combine excellent mechanical properties and impact strength with water-clear clarity & excellent resistance to chemicals and fire resistance.
PVC是一種無定型熱塑性塑料，具有好的透明性。透明PVC片材，綜合具有良好的力學性能和衝擊強度，具有水一樣清澈的透明性，以及良好的耐化學性和防火性能。
While, transparent PVC pipes are specifically formulated to block damaging UV light. These pipes are widely recommended for outdoor applications which are exposed to sunlight and where transparency is required.
特定配方的透明PVC管材可以阻擋UV光線的破壞。這些管材被廣泛推薦於戶外應用，此時管材會曝露於陽光，透明性會是一個要求。
Optical characteristics of clear PVC products range from high light transmission to high clarity, anti-glare surface to high impact strength and hence, making them suitable for external applications. Main application of transparent PVC sheets, tubes and clear films include:
透明PVC產品的光學特徵包括從光線的高透過到高透明，從抗閃爍表面到高衝擊強度，由此使得它們適合於外部應用。透明PVC片材、管材和透明薄膜的主要應用包括：
• Construction – day lighting, safety glazing, greenhouses…
• 建築—採光，安全玻璃，溫室…
• Packaging – Blister Packs, cling films, clear wraps…
• 包裝—罩泡包裝，保鮮膜，透明包裝…
• Medical – Bags, tubing, drips, connectors, valves…
• 醫療—袋子，管子，點滴用品，連接器，閥…
Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR)
液體矽橡膠（LSR）
Liquid silicone rubber is a low viscosity, transparent thermoset elastomer compound which offers:
液體矽橡膠是一種低粘度透明熱固性彈性體共混物，具有：
• Excellent Optical Clarity (94% transmission)
• 良好的光學透明性（94%的透光率）
• Durability (High temperature resistance up to 150°C)
• 耐用性（耐高溫直達150℃）
• Excellent processability
• 良好的可加工性
• Design Freedom
• 設計自由度
It is a lightweight materials which has successfully replaced glass and other thermoplastics in various applications such as high power LED lighting, electronics, automotive lighting, consumer goods, healthcare and many others where high transparency, heat / UV-light resistance, and long-term durability are key requirements.
它是一種輕質材料，成功地取代了玻璃和其它熱塑性塑料，用於各種應用，例如高功率LED照明，電子，汽車照明，消費品，保健和其它要求高透明、耐熱/UV光和長期耐用性的場合。
Cyclic Olefin Copolymers
環烯烴共聚物
Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) is an amorphous, transparent thermoplastic produced by chain copolymerization of cyclic monomers with ethane. It is a relatively new class of polymers as compared to commodities such as polypropylene and polyethylene and known for its excellent optical clarity, good mechanical properties and moisture barrier properties.
環烯烴共聚物（COC）是一種無定型透明熱塑性塑料，由環狀單體與乙烷經鏈式共聚而生產的。相比於聚丙烯和聚乙烯等通用塑料，環烯烴共聚物是一種相對新型的聚合物，以良好的光學透明性、好的力學性能和水分阻隔性而聞名。
• High stiffness and strength高剛性和高強度
• Excellent moisture and aroma barrier良好的水分阻隔性和香味阻隔性
• High transparency and gloss高透明高光澤
• Compliant for food and healthcare applications符合食品和保健應用要求
Outstanding optical properties of COC make it ideal for food packaging films, optical data discs, high precision lenses, optical films etc. Also, being resistant to moisture, solvents and sterilization, Cyclic Olefin Copolymer finds good use in medical and life science applications such as blister packs, medical trays etc.
COC的優良的光學性能，使得它適合於製造食品包裝，光學數據盤，高精度透鏡，光學薄膜等。此外，由於耐水、耐溶劑和耐蒸煮，環烯烴共聚物在醫療和生命科學應用上也獲得了好的應用，例如罩泡包裝，醫療託盤等。
Polyethylene (PE)
聚乙烯（PE）
Polyethylene is a very durable thermoplastic widely used to produce films, tubes, plastic parts, laminates, etc. in several markets (packaging, automotive, electrical, etc.). It is the most produce plastic in the world and you use it almost daily in your life.
聚乙烯是一種很耐用的熱塑性塑料，用於生產薄膜，管道，塑料部件，層合板，等等，應用於各種市場（包裝，汽車，電器，等等）。它是世界上生產最多的塑料，幾乎在日常生活中每一天都會用到。
LDPE is flexible, tough & has good transparency and is widely used in applications ranging from plastic bags, clear films, laboratory equipment etc.
LDPE具有柔性和韌性，具有良好的透明性廣泛應用於塑膠袋，透明薄膜，實驗室設備等。
Ionomer Resin
離子聚合物樹脂
Ionomers is a polymer class which has ethylene as the major component, but which contains both covalent and ionic bonds and are known for its outstanding clarity, toughness, and light weight. Ionomer resins are widely used to produce luxury decorative effects, transparency and scratch resistance in cosmetics and perfume packaging.
離子聚合物是一類以乙烯作為主要組分的聚合物，但是，它們既含共價鍵也含有離子鍵，以傑出的透明性、韌性和輕質而聞名。離子聚合物樹脂廣泛用於產生豪華裝飾效果、透明性和耐刮擦性，應用於化妝品和香水包裝。
The transparent polymer provide design freedom to designers and manufacturers to produce new shapes and use colors for the inner and outer containers separately as well as develop new material combinations for improved barrier properties and chemical resistance. Food packaging, medical devices, golf ball covers, overmolded bottles etc. are among popular applications for ionomer resins.
透明聚合物為設計者和製造者提供設計自由度，為內外部容器創造新的形狀和不同的顏色，以及開發新的材料組合，改進阻隔性能和耐化學性。食品包裝，醫療設備，高爾夫球外殼，包膠瓶子，等等，都是離子聚合物的應用領域。
Transparent Polypropylene (PP)
透明聚丙烯（PP）
Polypropylene is an excellent resin thanks to its good physical properties, cost-effectiveness and recyclability but due to its crystalline nature, it was difficult to obtain transparent PP sheets. But today, clear polypropylene (PP) has made significant progresses thanks to new efficient clarifying additives, also called clarifiers as these polymers provide design flexibility, easier processing ability, better colorability / decoration, and offer cost savings via light-weighting.
聚丙烯是一種優良的樹脂，它具有好的物理性能，好的成本效益和可回收性。由於PP具有結晶性質，它難於獲得透明PP片材。但是，如今，透明聚丙烯（PP）取得了巨大進步，由於有了新的有效的透明助劑，也稱之為透明劑，這些聚合物因此可以提供設計靈活性、易於加工性、好的著色性/裝飾性並通過輕量化而節省了成本。
Also, a combination of quick quenching and suitable heat treatment can improve the transparency of polypropylene extrusion sheets. Other benefits which make transparent PP a viable substitution for higher cost clear materials such as glass and clear plastics (PS, PC, PETG) include:
此外，綜合採用快速退火和合適的熱處理，可以改進聚丙烯擠出片材的透明性。還有一些別的好處使得PP成為可以取代較高價格的透明材料的寶貴替代品，如玻璃和透明塑料（PS、PC、PETG），包括
• Good stiffness / impact balance好的剛韌平衡性
• Good moisture / vapor barrier好的水分/蒸汽阻隔性
These performance advantages and its low density make transparent PP an ideal packaging material choice for:
這些性能優點和其低密度使得透明PP成為理想的首選包裝材料而用於：
1. Food packaging and storage (Cups, Trays, bottles, jugs, jars…)食品包裝盒貯藏（杯、碟、瓶、罐…）
2. Personal care products packaging個人護理產品包裝
3. Storage boxes貯藏盒
Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP)
聚全氟乙丙烯
Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) is chemically a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene. This polymer transmits a high percentage of ultraviolet and visible light. The solar transmission of FEP in thin-film form is approximately 96%. FEP films transmit more UV, visible and infrared radiation than ordinary glass. Other benefits of FEP:
聚全氟乙丙烯（FEP）在化學組成上是一種六氟丙烯和四氟乙烯的共聚物。這種聚合物可以透過高比例的紫外光和可見光。FEP在薄膜形態下的太陽光透過率大約為96%。FEP薄膜比普通玻璃透過更多的UV光、可見光和紅外輻射。FEP的其它優點有：
• Most chemically inert in all plastics在所有塑料中具有最好地化學惰性
• Outstanding weathering resistance傑出的耐候性
• Excellent optical characteristics良好的光學特性
Styrene Methyl Methacrylate (SMMA)
苯乙烯甲基丙酸甲酯共聚物（SMMA）
SMMA or Styrene Methyl Methacrylate (SMMA) is a high clarity styrene-acrylic copolymer with superior glossy surface. It combines excellent processing advantages & cost-attractiveness of styrene polymers and high brilliance & transparency of polyacetal. Other benefits of SMMA are:
SMMA是一種高透明苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物，具有卓越的光澤表面。它綜合具有良好的加工優點和苯乙烯類聚合物的低成本吸引力，並具有POM般的高光澤和透明性。SMMA的其它優點包括：
• Excellent thermal stability 良好的熱穩定性
• Better alcohol resistance than acrylic比丙烯酸酯類樹脂更好的耐乙醇性
• Better mechanical properties than GPPS比GPPS更好的力學性能
• Scratch resistant耐刮擦性
• FDA-complaint符合FDA要求
As compared to PMMA, PC, and PET, SMMA is cheaper and demonstrates similar surface quality.
相比於PMMA，PC和PET，SMMA更便宜並顯示出與前述樹脂類似的表面質量。
SMMA is suitable for applications demanding a strong, stiff, water clear such as household products, tumblers, glassware, cosmetic packaging, medical devices, personal hygiene products etc.
SMMA適合於要求強度、剛性、水一樣的透明性的應用，例如家具製品，平底玻璃杯，眼睛，化妝品包裝，醫療設備，個人保健產品等。
Styrene Acrylonitrile Resin (SAN)
苯乙烯丙烯腈樹脂（SAN）
SAN, or Styrene-acrylonitrile resin, is a copolymer plastic made up of styrene and acrylonitrile monomers. It is a durable, break-resistant transparent plastic widely used to make kitchenware (glassware, tumblers…) thanks to its attractiveness and resistance to fats, oils and cleaning agent. Other applications of SAN include appliances, furniture, automotive parts etc.
SAN是一種苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚塑料。它是一種耐用、耐破裂的透明塑料，廣泛用於製造廚具（玻璃器皿、攪拌平底杯…），因為引人入勝，耐脂肪、食用油和清潔劑。SAN的別的應用包括電器，家具，汽車部件等。
It combines the clarity and rigidity of polystyrene with the hardness, strength, and heat and solvent resistance of polyacrylonitrile. As compared to polystyrene, it has a higher glass transition temperature and better impact strength but it is more expensive and less transparency.
它綜合具有聚苯乙烯的透明性和剛性，同時具有聚丙烯腈的硬度、強度和耐溶劑性。與聚苯乙烯相比，它具有更高的玻璃化轉變溫度和更好的衝擊強度，但是它更貴，透明性也差一些。
Polystyrene (General Purpose – GPPS)
聚苯乙烯（通用型--GPPS）
General Purpose Polystyrene (GPPS), also known as crystal-clear polystyrene, is a clear polymer which exhibits:
通用聚苯乙烯（GPPS），也成為水晶透明聚苯乙烯，是一個透明聚合物，表現為：
• High stiffness高剛性
• Good dimensional stability好的尺寸穩定性
• Low specific gravity, and低比重，以及
• Excellent heat resistance良好的耐熱性
• Good electrical insulation properties好的電絕緣性
Thanks to its amorphous nature, it offers several benefits over other polymers because of its clarity, low cost and ease of processing. Some of the applications of GPPS are toys, CD cases, hangers, vegetable boxes for refrigerators, showers enclosure panels, IT equipment, clear jewellery box, refrigerator shelves and drawers and plastic cups. It is also used for the manufacturing of disposable medical products such as test tubes, test kits housing, diagnostic products, Petri-dishes, etc.
由於其無定型性質，PS相對於其它聚合物具有一些優點，因為它透明，成本低，易於加工。GPPS的一些應用包括玩具，CD盒，衣架，冰箱蔬菜盒，淋浴屏，IT設備，透明首飾盒，冰箱擱板和抽屜，塑料杯。它還用於製造一次性醫療用品，例如試管，測試工具外殼，聽診器產品，皮氏培養皿等。
Few disadvantages of polystyrene include low resistance to cracking and scratching.
PS的一些缺點包括低的耐開裂性和低的耐刮擦性。
MABS (Transparent ABS)
MABS（透明ABS）
ABS is an impact-resistant engineering thermoplastic made up of three monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene. The styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer provides stiffness while butadiene provides impact resistance.
ABS是一種抗衝擊工程塑料，由三種單體構成：丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯。苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物提供剛性，而丁二烯提供耐衝擊性。
Manufacturers incorporated methyl methacrylate monomer into the SAN phase leading to highly transparent ABS resin called as MABS (Methyl Methacrylate Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). Properties offered by MABS are:
製造商加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯單體到SAN相中，產生高透明ABS樹脂，稱之為MABS。由MABS提供的性質為：
• High light transmittance高的透光性
• Low haze低霧度
• Consistent and stable color均勻而穩定的著色
• Improved flow characteristics改進的流動性
Transparent ABS can outperform polystyrene, SAN and PMMA for impact resistance and offers good processability. MABS grades with improved flow characteristics can be used as an interesting alternative to polycarbonate (PC). Clear ABS is used in consumer appliances, medical applications, sports goods, medical devices and more.
透明ABS勝過聚苯乙烯、SAN和PMMA，因為它耐衝擊並具有好的加工性。具有改進的流動性特徵的MABS牌號，可以用於替代PC，這令人關注。
Optical Properties of Transparent Polymers
透明聚合物的光學性質
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