19年5月23日文獻情報
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本次文獻簡報涉及固體有機廢物對土壤NOM結構的影響[1]，土壤模型預測NOM動態[2]，有機氮磷類NOM影響海灣初級生產力[3]，巖溶區溼地形成與NOM累積的關係[4]，大陸架-海溝連續體中NOM的來源、降解和轉移[5]，沉積物NOM的來源與轉化[6]，草原土地改造土壤非惰性NOM流失[7]，絮凝劑對胞外聚合物絮凝體的影響[8]，沉積物質子行為與腐殖酸特徵的關係[9]，鐵氧化體轉化過程中腐殖酸對銻分配和形態的影響[10]，FeCl3和石灰處理汙泥時胞外聚合物變化[11]，生物炭活化過硫酸鉀[12]，NOM對[13]。1. 題目: Effects of Solid Organic Wastes on Soil Particulate Organic Carbon Structure under Different Water Conditions文章編號: N19052313
期刊: CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water
作者: Xiaojing Qu, Jinggui Wu, Jinghong Zhao, Jianming Li, Juan Hu, Opoku‐Kwanowaa Yaa
更新時間: 2019-05-23
摘要: In searching for the optimum amelioration of solid organic waste method for remedying black soil and tackling rainfall changes, effects of water conditions and solid organic wastes were studied on particulate organic carbon (POC) structure by 13C‐NMR spectroscopic analysis in a 3‐year split‐plot experiment. Experimental plots were under natural rainfall, water deficit and excess water with single chemical fertilizer, cow manure, chicken manure, crop or plant residue treatments. The results revealed solid organic wastes have the potential to improve POC stability. Under natural rainfall condition, the degressive order by the POC stability was: plant residue, crop residue, cow manure and then chicken manure; under water deficit, it was plant residue, crop residue, chicken manure and then cow manure; under excess water conditions, it was plant residue, cow manure, chicken manure and then crop residue. The interchange between aromatic carbon and alkyl or alkoxy carbon gives a remarkable reflection of the effect of water on POC structure. The plant residue increased the aromatic carbon at rates of 4.6, 6.4 and 9.3% under natural rainfall, water deficit and excess water conditions, respectively. Studying the three water conditions, it could be shown that under water deficit or excess water condition, both chicken manure and crop residues were unfavorable to POC stability; cow manure was conducive to POC stability only under excess water condition. Leaves, therefore, serve as the optimum amelioration material.
文章二維碼:2. 題目: Substrate quality and concentration control decomposition and microbial strategies in a model soil system文章編號: N19052312
期刊: Biogeochemistry
作者: Jörg Schnecker, Timothy Bowles, Erik A. Hobbie, Richard G. Smith, A. Stuart Grandy
更新時間: 2019-05-23
摘要: Soil carbon models typically scale decomposition linearly with soil carbon (C) concentration, but this linear relationship has not been experimentally verified. Here we investigated the underlying biogeochemical mechanisms controlling the relationships between soil C concentration and decomposition rates. We incubated a soil/sand mixture with increasing amounts of finely ground plant residue in the laboratory at constant temperature and moisture for 63 days. The plant residues were rye (Secale cereale, C/N ratio of 23) and wheat straw (Triticum spp., C/N ratio of 109) at seven soil C concentrations ranging from 0.38 to 2.99%. We measured soil respiration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, microbial biomass, and potential enzyme activities over the course of the incubation. Rye, which had higher N and DOC contents, lost 6 to 8 times more C as CO2 compared to wheat residue. Under rye and wheat amendment, absolute C losses as CO2 (calculated per g dry soil) increased linearly with C concentration while relative C losses as CO2 (expressed as percent of initial C) increased with C concentration following a quadratic function. In low C concentration treatments (0.38–0.79% OC), DOC decreased gradually from day 3 to day 63, microbial C increased towards the end in the rye treatment or decreased only slightly with straw amendment, and microbes invested in general enzymes such as proteases and oxidative enzymes. At increasing C levels, enzyme activity shifted to degrading cellulose after 15 days and degrading microbial necromass (e.g. chitin) after 63 days. At the highest C concentrations (2.99% OC), microbial biomass peaked early in the incubation and remained high in the rye treatment and decreased only slightly in the wheat treatment. While wheat lost C as CO2 constantly at all C concentrations, respiration dynamics in the rye treatment strongly depended on C concentration. Our results indicate that litter quality and C concentration regulate enzyme activities, DOC concentrations, and microbial respiration. The potential for non-linear relationships between soil C concentration and decomposition may need to be considered in soil C models and soil C sequestration management approaches.
文章二維碼:3. 題目: Organic nutrients support high primary production in the Bay of Bengal文章編號: N19052311
期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
作者: V.V.S.S. Sarma, D.N. Rao, G.R. Rajula, H.B. Dalabehera, K. Yadav
更新時間: 2019-05-23
摘要: The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is known to experience low productivity but high sinking carbon fluxes to the bottom and this paradox is attributed to mineral ballast of organic matter. We found for the first time that primary production in the BoB is higher and it is supported by dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) transported from the shelf regions through eddies. Both DON and DOP contribute up to 70‐99% to the total dissolved nutrients in the waters above the thermocline. DON and DOP displayed positive relationship with primary production in the upper 25m of water column suggesting that organic nutrients significantly support primary producers. Primary production and export production in the BoB is comparable to that in the Arabian Sea, in contrast to the earlier belief that it has low production due to lack of inorganic nutrients caused by strong salinity stratification.
文章二維碼:4. 題目: Initiation and development of wetlands in southern Florida karst landscape associated with accumulation of organic matter and vegetation evolution文章編號: N19052310
期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
作者: Xiaowen Zhang, Thomas S. Bianchi, Matthew J. Cohen, Jonathan B. Martin, Carlos J. Quintero, Amy L. Brown, Angelica M. Ares, James B. Heffernan, Nicholas Ward, Todd Z. Osborne, Michael R. Shields, William F. Kenney
更新時間: 2019-05-23
摘要: Biological processes exert important controls on geomorphic evolution of karst landscapes because carbonate mineral dissolution can be augmented and spatially focused by production of CO2 and biogenic acids from organic matter (OM) decomposition. In Big Cypress National Preserve in southwest Florida, depressional wetlands (called cypress domes) dissolved into surface‐exposed carbonate rocks and exhibit regular patterning (size, depth, and spacing) within the pine upland mosaic. To understand when wetland basins began to form and the role of spatially‐varying OM decomposition on bedrock weathering, we constructed age profiles of sediment accretion using compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) of long‐chain fatty acids and measured bulk OM properties and biomarker proxies (fatty acids and lignin phenols) in different zones (center vs. edge) of the wetlands. Based on CSRA, landscape patterning likely began in the mid‐to‐late Holocene, with wetlands beginning to form earlier at higher elevations than at lower elevations within the regional landscape. Dominant vegetation appears to have shifted from graminoids to woody plants around 3000 cal. BP, as reflected in down‐core bulk C isotope data and lignin concentration, likely from increased precipitation and hydroperiods. Organic matter is mostly accumulated in wetland centers and wetland centers exhibit more carbonate dissolution due to inundation limiting atmospheric ventilation of CO2. Landscape development and patterning thus arise from interactions between hydrology, ecology, ecological community evolution that control carbonate mineral dissolution.
文章二維碼:5. 題目: Sources, degradation, and transfer of organic matter in the New Britain Shelf‐Trench continuum, Papua New Guinea文章編號: N19052309
期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
作者: Min Luo, Joris Gieskes, Linying Chen, Jan Scholten, Binbin Pan, Gang Lin, Duofu Chen
更新時間: 2019-05-23
摘要: Hadal trenches are considered as depocenters for organic matter and hotspots for microbial diagenetic activity. Here, we explore the sources, degradation, and transportation of organic matter in the shelf‐trench continuum using seven short sediment cores collected along two transects with water depths ranging between 1,553 and 8,901 m in the New Britain Trench area, Papua New Guinea. Carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) and radiocarbon contents (Δ14C) of sedimentary organic matter accompanied by TOC/TN ratios suggest an important contribution from the pre‐aged soil organic matter mixed by the marine algae and terrigenous C3 vascular plants. In addition, the trench axis sites are characterized by elevated accumulation of terrigenous organic materials. Rates of organic matter mineralization approximated by DIC fluxes at the sediment‐water interface reveal a ~3‐fold higher rate at the trench axis sites than the abyssal sites. 210Pbxs profiles and burial of carbonate (up to 50%) at both trench axis sites reflect the recent occurrence of mass‐wasting events possibly induced by earthquakes, which is responsible for the transfer of pre‐aged, terrigenous organic matter to the trench bottom. This tectonically‐triggered deposition event which was also shown to occur in the Japan Trench, Tonga Trench, and probably in many other trenches is likely to efficiently transport terrigenous organic matter to hadal trenches, thereby underpinning the importance of terrigenous organic matter burial in hadal trenches for the ocean organic carbon budget. Furthermore, we hypothesize that hadal trenches may host a distinct microbial community that is capable of feeding on old, refractory terrigenous organic matter.
文章二維碼:6. 題目: Sources and transformations of organic matter in sediments of Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon (Chilika, India) and nearby mangrove ecosystem文章編號: N19052308
期刊: Environmental Earth Sciences
作者: Rupa Mukherjee, Pradipta R. Muduli, Saroja Kumar Barik, Sanjeev Kumar
更新時間: 2019-05-23
摘要: The present study aimed to understand sources and transformations of organic matter along with cycling of nitrogen and carbon in sediments of two geographically close but ecologically distinct wetlands located on the east coast of India viz. Chilika lagoon (Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon) and Bhitarkanika mangrove. The study also investigates potential nitrogen loss pathways in the bottom sediments and explores stables isotopes as a proxy for the source identification of sediment organic matter in shallow aquatic ecosystems. For this purpose, the isotopic compositions of organic carbon and nitrogen (δ13Corg and δ15N) and its contents (% Corg and % N) were measured at different depths in sediment cores collected from the Chilika lagoon (eight cores) and Bhitarkanika mangrove forest (three cores). Overall, the mean δ13Corg and % Corg in the lagoon were − 21.10 ± 0.79‰ and 0.84 ± 0.47%, respectively; whereas the same for mangrove cores were − 24.56 ± 0.80‰ and 1.04 ± 0.26%, respectively. Similarly, average δ15N and % N in the lagoon cores were 4.15 ± 0.63‰ and 0.11 ± 0.05%, respectively; for mangrove cores, the values were 4.28 ± 0.50‰ and 0.07 ± 0.01%, respectively. Isotopic composition and elemental ratios indicated organic matter in the sediments of Bhitarkanika mangrove to be a mixture of terrigenous and marine origin with relative dominance of terrestrial influence. A significant increase in δ13Corg of sediment organic matter compared to suspended particulate organic matter in the Chilika indicated transformation of organic matter in the water or sediment column through mineralization and diagenetic alterations. The δ15N of sediment or particulate organic matter did not show clear evidence of nitrogen loss in the recent past in these two ecosystems through processes such as denitrification. The absence of a relationship between δ13Corg of particulate and sediment organic matter in the Chilika indicated lack of efficient exchange between suspended and sediment organic matter.
文章二維碼:7. 題目: Labile soil organic carbon loss in response to land conversion in the Brazilian woodland savanna ( cerradão )文章編號: N19052307
期刊: Biogeochemistry
作者: Gisele S. de Brito, Susana Bautista, Rosário López-Poma, Vânia R. Pivello
更新時間: 2019-05-23
摘要: Conversion of native vegetation to agriculture may change the carbon cycle by reducing carbon soil storage capacity and increasing CO2 emissions. We aimed to comparatively assess the impact of land use change on labile pools and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in two land uses (Urochloa pastures and Eucalyptus forestry) relative to the native reference ecosystem (Brazilian woodland savanna, the cerradão), as a function of soil depth and season. For three replicated study sites, each of them including a control area of the native vegetation (Cerrado) and two land uses (Pasture, Eucalyptus), we sampled soil from 0 to 2 m depth in both dry and wet seasons. We quantified dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), estimated the microbial quotient (MBC/SOC) and DOC/SOC ratio, and evaluated C dynamics by assessing soil basal respiration and the metabolic quotient (qCO2). Compared with Cerrado, DOC, MBC and MBC/SOC decreased in both Pasture and Eucalyptus. Differences between land uses vanished below 30 cm soil depth. Seasonality affected most analyzed variables, with lower values for DOC, DOC/SOC and qCO2, and slightly higher values for MBC and MBC/SOC in the wet season. In the dry season qCO2 increased in the Eucalyptus topsoil as compared to Cerrado, suggesting higher stress in the microbial community and/or lower decomposition efficiency in Eucalyptus. Overall, our results show that cerradão conversion to pastures and Eucalyptus plantations negatively affects labile pools and dynamics of SOC, with the effects surpassing a strong spatial and seasonal variability in the soil response to land conversion.
文章二維碼:8. 題目: Impact of Al-based coagulants on the formation of aerobic granules: Comparison between poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate (AS)文章編號: N19052306
期刊: Science of The Total Environment
作者: Zhe Liu, Lichao Zhou, Fengdan Liu, Min Gao, Jiaxuan Wang, Aining Zhang, Yongjun Liu
更新時間: 2019-05-23
圖文摘要:
摘要: As widely used Al-based coagulants, poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate (AS) were adopted in a short term at the start-up stage (from 10th to 16th) to enhance the formation of aerobic granules, and their effects on aerobic granulation were elucidated. The results suggested that both PAC and AS facilitated the granulation by improving the physicochemical properties of sludge. The reactor performance in pollutant removal was also enhanced. Specifically, in terms of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), PAC dosing mainly stimulated the production of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), whereas more tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were secreted with the presence of AS. Based on the elemental analysis, polymeric Al hydrolyzed from PAC mainly worked on the exterior of microbial aggregates, and thus the attached aluminum in granules was gradually eliminated by ion exchange and hydraulic shear force. In contrast, the aluminum species in AS hydrolyzed into monomeric and oligomeric Al, and thus could diffuse into the interior of microbial aggregates and eventually created an 「Al-core」 in the granules. Overall, the present study describes the AGS formation with Al-based coagulants and the mechanisms of PAC- and AS-enhanced aerobic granulation.
文章二維碼:9. 題目: In situ investigation of intrinsic relationship between protonation behavior and HA characteristics in sediments文章編號: N19052305
期刊: Science of The Total Environment
作者: Mei Huang, Zhongwu Li, Ming Chen, Jiajun Wen, Weihua Xu, Xiang Ding, Ren Yang, Ninglin Luo, Wenle Xing
更新時間: 2019-05-23
圖文摘要:
摘要: Proton-binding study of humic acid (HA) is critical for describing and modeling the binding mechanism of HA with heavy metals. However, little is known about the intrinsic relationship between protonation behavior and HA characteristics, especially in sediments. In this study, HA was extracted from sediments and combination of spectrographic titration with parallel factor analysis, Gaussian fitting model and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis was developed as a novel in-situ tool. Results indicated that the intensity changes of fluorophores of sediment HA might be dependent on the structure characteristics (fused or non-fused ring) of phenolic species in the protonation process. Compared with phenolic groups (A1, 5.27 ± 0.05 eV; A3, 3.91 ± 0.02 eV), the carboxyl groups (A2, 4.65 ± 0.03 eV) exhibited greater contribution in the response of chromophores to the protonation process of sediment HA. Furthermore, proton binding to sediment HA first occurred in carboxyl groups and then in phenolic groups. The combined technique is a promising approach for the examination of the binding sites, binding capacities, and binding order in proton-HA binding process under environmental concentrations. Importantly, this method is a sensitive, effective and non-destructive technique without any need pre-concentrate.
文章二維碼:10. 題目: Humic acid impacts antimony partitioning and speciation during iron(II)-induced ferrihydrite transformation文章編號: N19052304
期刊: Science of The Total Environment
作者: Niloofar Karimian, Edward D. Burton, Scott G. Johnston, Kerstin Hockmann, Girish Choppala
更新時間: 2019-05-23
圖文摘要:
摘要: The Fe(II)-induced transformation of ferrihydrite, a potent scavenger for antimony (Sb), can considerably influence Sb mobility in reducing soils, sediments and groundwater systems. In these environments, humic acids (HA) are prevalent, yet their influence on Sb behaviour during ferrihydrite transformation is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of HA on (1) Sb partitioning between solid, colloidal and dissolved phases and (2) Sb redox speciation during the Fe(II)-induced transformation of Sb(V)-bearing ferrihydrite at pH 6.0 and 8.0 and Fe(II) concentrations of 0, 1 and 10 mM. The results show that, at pH 8.0 and in the presence of 10 mM Fe(II), ferrihydrite was replaced by goethite, lepidocrocite and magnetite across a wide range of HA concentrations. At pH 6.0 in the 10 mM Fe(II) treatments, ferrihydrite transformed to mainly lepidocrocite and goethite in both HA-free and low HA treatments. In contrast, high HA concentrations retarded the rate and extent of ferrihydrite transformation at both pH 6.0 and 8.0 in the 1 mM Fe(II) treatments. Antimony K-edge XANES spectroscopy revealed up to 60% reduction of solid-phase Sb(V) to Sb(III), which corresponded with an increase in the PO43−-extractable fraction of solid-phase Sb in HA- and Fe(II)-rich conditions at pH 8.0. In contrast to the observations at pH 8.0, minimal reduction of solid-phase Sb(V) was observed in the pH 6.0 treatments with the highest HA content, yet some reduction of Sb(V) occurred (~30–40%) at intermediate HA concentrations. Humic acid-rich conditions were also found to promote the formation of substantial amounts of colloidal Sb in the <0.45 μm to 3 kDa size range at both pH 6.0 and 8.0. Our results demonstrate that HA can exert an important a control on the partitioning, mobility and speciation of Sb during Fe(II)-induced transformation of ferrihydrite in sub-surface environments.
文章二維碼:11. 題目: Insights into conditioning of landfill sludge by FeCl3 and lime文章編號: N19052303
期刊: Water Research
作者: Wei Wu, Zhen Zhou, Jiazhe Yang, Guang Chen, Jie Yao, Chengqin Tu, Xiaodan Zhao, Zhan Qiu, Zhichao Wu
更新時間: 2019-05-23
圖文摘要:
摘要: In this study, landfill sludge (LS) was excavated from a 10 year old full-scale sludge landfill and used to investigate effects of dosage on sludge dewaterability, rheological properties and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) variations by FeCl3-lime conditioning. LS had lower content of organic matters (0.28) and smaller particle size than excess sludge (ES), and greatly lower viscosity and high flowability. The suitable concentration of LS for conditioning (107.2–118.6 g/L) was much higher than that of ES (34 g/L) by rheological analysis. Both FeCl3 and lime improved dewaterability of LS and caused decline of slime and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS). FeCl3 destroyed proteins in slime and LB-EPS owing to coagulation and acidification effects, weakened internal structure strength, and thus improved dewaterability. Lime addition caused alkaline hydrolysis of polysaccharides in slime and LB-EPS, reduced viscosity and flowability, and improved flowability and dewaterability for LS. The optimal dosage for dewatering using 57.6 mg lime/g dried solids (DS) and 53.6 mg FeCl3/g DS was obtained by using an integrative response surface methodology (RSM) coupled nonlinear programming approach under water content constraint of 55%. The integrative optimization achieved 26.0% cost saving in comparison to RSM optimized condition.
文章二維碼:12. 題目: Edge-nitrogenated biochar for efficient peroxydisulfate activation: An electron transfer mechanism文章編號: N19052302
期刊: Water Research
作者: Huazhe Wang, Wanqian Guo, Banghai Liu, Qinglian Wu, Haichao Luo, Qi Zhao, Qishi Si, Fred Sseguya, Nanqi Ren
更新時間: 2019-05-23
圖文摘要:
摘要: N-doped biochars (NBCs) were prepared by pyrolyzing corncob biomass and urea in different proportion which manifested superior catalytic performance of peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation for sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation. Through both dynamic fitting and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the critical role of edge nitrogenation in biochar (BC) structure was revealed for the first time. The incorporation of edge nitrogen configurations (pyridinic N and pyrrolic N rather than graphitic N) generated reactive sites for the PDS activation. Additionally, a thorough investigation was conducted to explicate the PDS activation mechanism by NBC through chemical quenching experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) detection, oxidant consumption monitoring and electrochemical analysis. Different from the well-reported singlet oxygen (1O2) dominated nonradical mechanism, an electron transfer pathway involving surface-bound reactive complexes was proved to play a major role in the NBC/PDS system. Benefit from the electron transfer mechanism, the NBC/PDS system not only has wide pH adaptation for real application, but also shows high resistance to the inorganic anions in aquatic environment. We believe this study will deepen the understanding of the carbon-driven persulfate activation mechanism and provide strong technical support for the BC-mediated persulfate activation in practical applications.
文章二維碼:13. 題目: Conversion of chlorine/nitrogen species and formation of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in the pre-chlorination/post-UV treatment of sulfamethoxazole文章編號: N19052301
期刊: Water Research
作者: Tian-Yang Zhang, Bin Xu, Shijie Yao, Yaru Hu, Kuangfei Lin, Hui Ye, Changzheng Cui
更新時間: 2019-05-23
圖文摘要:
摘要: Pre-chlorination and UV disinfection are two common processes in drinking water treatment plants. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), an antibiotic widely detected in source water, was selected as a precursor to study the conversion of chlorine/nitrogen species and DBP formation in pre-chlorination/post-UV process. The combined chlorine (mainly organic chloramines) produced in pre-chlorination of SMX can self-degrade and release free chlorine back again as pre-chlorination time goes on. With free chlorine dose increasing, the self-degradation rate of combined chlorine increased obviously. But the combined chlorine stopped self-degrading and remained stable around 1 mg-Cl2/L after adding 0.30 mM chlorine for 30 min. Post-UV treatment after pre-chlorination can enhance the degradation and achieve a complete removal of combined chlorine (including organic chloramines). Deamination occurred during pre-chlorination/post-UV process and deamination amount (-NH2) per SMX concentration was 0.19 M/M. Radicals in this process had no obvious influence on chlorine/nitrogen species conversion. Direct chlorination of SMX had the lowest DBP formation potentials while the application of pre-chlorination and UV enhanced them. Compared with UV treatment only, dichloroacetonitrile formation potential of SMX reduced by 1.58 × 10−3 mol/mol-SMX (17.37 μg/l) after pre-chlorination/post-UV treatment. During pre-chlorination/post-UV/final-chlorination treatment of SMX, Br− and natural organic matter can enhance DBP formation and toxicity-weighted values. Acid condition showed a very high DBP risk, while alkaline conditions could cut this risk obviously, especially for the toxicity-weighted values of these DBPs.
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