20年4月13日文獻情報
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本次文獻簡報涉及胞外聚合物對微塑料飽和多孔介質運移影響[1]，有機質對土壤顏色的貢獻[2]，鳥糞石沉澱吸附去除廢水中溶解性有機磷[3]，生活固廢有機物的化工利用[4]，生物炭改善厭氧消化沼氣產量[5]，古初級生產力對於烴源巖形成提供有機質[6]，湖泊沉積物有機質地球化學特徵[7]。
1. 題目: Influence of biofilm on the transport and deposition behaviors of nano- and micro-plastic particles in quartz sand文章編號: N20041307
期刊: Water Research
作者: Lei He, Haifeng Rong, Dan Wu, Meng Li, Chengyi Wang, Meiping Tong
更新時間: 2020-04-13
摘要: Biofilm, community of bacteria ubiquitously present in natural environment, may interact with plastic particles and affect the transport of plastic particles in environment. The significance of biofilm (Escherichia coli) on the transport and deposition behaviors of three different sized plastic particles (0.02 μm NPs, 0.2 μm MP and 2 μm MP) were examined under both 10 mM and 50 mM NaCl solutions by comparing the breakthrough curves and retained profiles of plastic particles in bare sand versus those in biofilm-coated sand. Regardless of ionic strengths, the presence of biofilm increases the deposition of all three sized plastic particles in porous media. Via employing X-ray microtomography imaging (XMT) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), we find that the presence of biofilm could narrow the flow path especially near to the inlet of the column and increase the surface roughness of porous media (by decreasing DLVO repulsive interaction), which contributes to the enhanced the deposition of plastic particles. Packed column experiments, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) as well as a parallel plate flow chamber experiments all show that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) present on the biofilm contributes to the enhanced deposition of plastic particles. Three major components of EPS, proteins, polysaccharide, and humic substances all contribute to the enhanced deposition of plastic particles. O–H and N–H groups present on cell surfaces are highly likely to form hydrogen bond with plastic particles and increase the deposition plastic particles. Elution experiments show that decreasing solution ionic strength could release small portion of plastic particles from both bare and biofilm-coated sand columns especially from the segments near to the column inlet (with slighter lower percentage from biofilm-coated columns based on the total mass of retained plastics). In contrast, increasing flow rate does not obviously detach the plastic particles that already deposited onto porous media. The results of this study clearly show that the presence of biofilm in natural environment could enhance the deposition and decrease the transport of plastic particles.
文章二維碼:2. 題目: The red coloration of Goikoetre Cave's speleothems (Busturia, Spain): An indicator of paleoclimatic changes文章編號: N20041306
期刊: Quaternary International
作者: V. Martínez-Pillado, I. Yusta, E. Iriarte, A. Álvaro, N. Ortega, A. Aranburu, J.L. Arsuaga
更新時間: 2020-04-13
摘要: The most commonly used paleoclimatic proxies in speleothem studies are the carbon and oxygen stable isotopes and the trace elements of calcite. However, assessing the incorporation of other components, such as organic matter, may also be of interest in interpreting and reconstructing the climate during speleothem growth. In this work, the incorporation of humic and fulvic acids derived from overlying soils is proposed as the cause of the red coloration of speleothems from the Goikoetxe Cave (Busturia, Bizkaia). Through the application of petrological studies combined with X-ray fluorescence, UV luminescence, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, it has been possible to correlate a variation of organic content in the overlying soils and the red coloration, being this stain a main proxy to study and reconstruct the seasonal paleoclimatic parameters during the speleothem formation.
文章二維碼:3. 題目: Removal of orthophosphate and dissolved organic phosphorus from synthetic wastewater in a combined struvite precipitation-adsorption system文章編號: N20041305
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Claudia Santiviago Petzoldt, Juan Peralta Lezcano, Iván López Moreda
更新時間: 2020-04-13
摘要: In secondary and advanced tertiary phosphorus removal processes from wastewater, orthophosphate phosphorus (P-OP) is nearly completely eliminated, and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) becomes the dominant fraction. Therefore, DOP contributes substantially to the total phosphorus (TP) in effluents, and hence, any improvement in TP removal requires improvements in DOP elimination. Accordingly, the challenge is to remove DOP to achieve increasingly lower phosphorus concentrations below the concentrations reliably attainable with currently available technologies. Nevertheless, no specific technologies have been implemented to target the removal of this fraction. This work proposes a struvite precipitation process to remove P-OP combined with the removal of DOP by adsorption on struvite. The adsorption capability of phytic acid (PA) on struvite yielded a final DOP concentration <0.55 mg·L−1 when starting from an initial DOP concentration of 70 mg·L−1. Struvite that was previously prepared also exhibited P-OP adsorptive capability. This effect contributes to increasing removal efficiency from 59.5 % with struvite precipitation as the only removal process, to 99.2 % in a combined precipitation-adsorption system with added adsorbent for: P-OP: 70 mg·L−1, Mg/P-OP = 1.5 and 1.5 mmol·L−1 NaOH. The SEM-EDS results of the selected regions of recovered precipitates revealed that the particles were composed of C, N, Mg, P and O. Surface atomic composition did not coincide with fresh adsorbent (pure struvite) and differed from one zone to another. Moreover, the signal of C in the surface of some samples, the absence of N on some surface regions and the P-PA quantified by extraction with H2SO4, are evidences that support the hypothesis of the phytate and orthophosphate adsorption.
文章二維碼:4. 題目: Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biogenic Municipal Solid Waste under reduced H2 atmosphere for Biocrude and Biochemicals in Biorefinery Format文章編號: N20041304
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Ranaprathap Katakojwala, Harishankar Kopperi, Sunil Kumar, S. Venkata Mohan
更新時間: 2020-04-13
摘要: Municipal solid waste (MSW), an inexorable by-product of anthropogenic activities composes nearly 50% of the organic (Biogenic) fraction. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was employed to facilitate thermal depolymerization of organic fraction of MSW to biocrude at elevated temperature and pressure in the sub-critical region. Food, vegetable, and composite wastes were used as HTL feedstocks at 200°C, and 100 bars pressure (1 h) in H2 atmosphere to obtain HTL liquor (biocrude and aqueous phase), biochar and bio-gas. The biocrude (HTLOF) contained majorly middle oil fraction along with various compounds (C6-C22) specifically, Hydrocarbons (aliphatic and aromatic), fatty acids, and furfurals, wherein, composite waste resulted in relatively higher biocrude. The aqueous phase (HTLAF) showed reducing sugars, sotolon and furfurals. Biochar (HTLBC) was composed of maximum carbon followed by hydrogen and oxygen. A strategy with H2 induced conversion of the biogenic MSW to various biobased products including fuels supports biorefinery.
文章二維碼:5. 題目: Enhancement of biogas production from wastewater sludge via anaerobic digestion assisted with biochar amendment文章編號: N20041303
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Pixiang Wang, Haixing Peng, Sushil Adhikari, Brendan Higgins, Poulami Roy, Wei Dai, Xiaochong Shi
更新時間: 2020-04-13
摘要: Studies have shown that biochar enhances methane formation due to the presence of redox active moieties and its conductive properties. This study investigated the influence of biochar, which was produced from Douglas fir pyrolysis, on biogas production and microbial community during anaerobic digestion (AD) of wastewater sludge. The results showed that biochar significantly enhances methane (CH4) production rate and increases its final yield during AD. The cumulative highest CH4 production obtaining in cultures with DF500 (biochar from Douglas fir at 500 °C) were about 11.13% and 97.89% more than the culture without biochar at 37 °C and 25 °C AD temperature, respectively. At 55 °C, the maximum CH4 yield reached 172.31 ml/COD with DF730, which was about 48.25% more than control culture. The microbial community analysis results showed that biochar could up-regulate the role of micro-ecology especially the methanogens and improve the AD process.
文章二維碼:6. 題目: Paleoproductivity of the Chang 7 unit in the Ordos Basin (North China) and its controlling factors文章編號: N20041302
期刊: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
作者: Guo Chen, Wenzhe Gang, Xiangchuan Chang, Ning Wang, Pengfei Zhang, Qingyun Cao, Jianbin Xu
更新時間: 2020-04-13
摘要: Primary paleoproductivity provides basic organic matter for the formation of high-quality hydrocarbon source rock. A progressive method to quantitatively calculate paleoproductivity on the basis of total organic carbon (TOC) has been proposed to evaluate the contribution of primary paleoproductivity to a hydrocarbon source rock with high organic matter abundance. In this study, pyrite contents, organic maceral compositions and high-resolution sedimentation rates (SRs) were used to recover the amount of organic matter oxidation and to exclude the effect of terrestrial clastic input during the deposition of the Chang 7 sediment. Multiple calculation methods were used to quantitatively reconstruct paleoproductivity, and the results suggest that the Ordos Basin was a eutrophic lacustrine basin (approximately 2 × 104 mg C cm−2 kyr−1 to 10 × 104 mg C cm−2 kyr−1) during the Chang 7 stage compared with modern lake productivity. The paleoclimatic analysis indicates that a warm humid paleoclimate was beneficial for increasing the weathering intensity, which could have provided more nutrient inputs to the depositional environment with incoming terrestrial debris. In addition, the plate collision between the North China Block and Yangtze Block generated moderate volcanic ash that spread to the study area and provided large amounts of essential nutrients for algae blooms. Moreover, a brackish water condition promoted upward mixing of deep water, which inhibited water mass stratification and then facilitated primary paleoproductivity. In general, the Chang 7 high-quality hydrocarbon source rock is a result of increased paleoproductivity resulting from suitable paleoclimate conditions, brackish water masses and abundant essential nutrient inputs.
文章二維碼:7. 題目: Organic matter geochemical signatures of sediments of Lake Ngoring (Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau): A record of environmental and climatic changes in the source area of the Yellow River for the last 1500 years文章編號: N20041301
期刊: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
作者: Yang Pu, Josef P. Werne, Philip A. Meyers, Hucai Zhang
更新時間: 2020-04-13
摘要: The climate history of the source area of the Yellow River (SAYR) is important to understanding the pacing and processes of climate evolution on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To date, results of research in this alpine region are limited. Herein, we provide a first lacustrine record from the largest freshwater lake on the QTP that archives climatic and environmental variations in the SAYR for the last 1500 yr. The bulk organic carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ13Corg and δ15Ntot) are combined with atomic carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios to indicate that the sedimentary organic matter in Lake Ngoring originates from autochthonous algae and that the terrestrial input is minor. Comparison of the record of organic carbon isotope values with published records of ice accumulation rate (IAR) of Dunde and Guliya glaciers from the northern QTP, the total solar irradiance (TSI), δ18O variations in the Greenland ice core and biologically sensitive indicators (C37:4 alkenone, crenarchaeol and bGDGT concentrations) from Lake Qinghai indicate that variations in the δ13Corg values in Lake Ngoring sediments reflect lake level fluctuations that are associated with variations in the amount of precipitation and glacier meltwater on the SAYR. High lake level phases indicated by positive shifts of δ13Corg values correspond to higher values of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) and lower values of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOIpr). This relation suggests that the hydrologic history in the SAYR is linked to changes in the Indian monsoon and the Westerlies and that both air masses delivered more moisture to the SAYR during high TSI stages. In contrast, variations in the δ15Ntot values resemble the multiple paleoclimate proxy records obtained from ice cores, peat sequences, lake sediments, and integrated paleo-records from other QTP sites, suggesting that the δ15Ntot values archived in Lake Ngoring sediments provide a history of past lake-water temperature variations that is consistent with the variation history of the temperature-dependent parameters from regional paleo-climatic studies. Global climatic events including the Dark Ages Cold Period, the Medieval Climate Anomaly, the Little Ice Age and Modern Warming in 20th century could be clearly observed in the δ15Ntot variations. In general, the δ13Corg and δ15Ntot values in Lake Ngoring sediments appear to be useful indicators for paleo-environment and paleo-climate reconstructions in alpine oligotrophic freshwater lakes such as this one.
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