20年10月29日文獻情報
本次文獻簡報涉及超聲輔助催化溼式過氧化氫處理切削油水乳化液廢水[1]，地中海氣候和生物系統變遷的生物標記物指示[2]，NOM對生物配體模型推導水質標準的影響[3]，漁業對藍碳封存的影響[4]，溫度對土壤有機磷礦化影響[5]，地下水系統中溶解、顆粒和吸附有機碳的生物利用度[6]。
1. 題目: Cutting oil-water emulsion wastewater treatment by microwave assisted catalytic wet peroxide oxidation文章編號: N20102906
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Alicia L. Garcia-Costa, Angela Luengo, Juan A. Zazo, Jose A. Casas
更新時間: 2020-10-29
摘要: Cutting-oil in water emulsions (COWE) suppose an environmental threat due to their high volume, stability and low biodegradability (BOD5/COD: 0.07). So far, these effluents have been treated by physical methods which merely transfer the pollutants into another phase. In this work, Microwave-assisted Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation (MW-CWPO) is used for the first time in the degradation of COWE 0.5%w, using graphite as catalyst. Working at pH0: 9, graphite: 10 g/L, 15.7 g/L H2O2, at MW power of 800 W by pulsation method, complete demulsification and 82% Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal is achieved in only 10 min. Furthermore, the remaining TOC in solution is mainly ascribed to malonic, acetic and formic acids, which results in readily biodegradable effluents (BOD5/COD: 0.93). The degradation mechanism is a complex combination of H2O2-mediated adsorption of the pollutants onto the graphite's surface and its subsequent oxidation mediated by hot-spots induced by MW radiation. This work also studies the influence of pH0, catalyst load and H2O2 dosage in COWE degradation. Finally, catalyst stability upon 3 consecutive cycles was tested and various techniques are proposed and examined for catalyst regeneration.
文章二維碼:2. 題目: Biomarker constraints on Mediterranean climate and ecosystem transitions during the Early-Middle Miocene文章編號: N20102905
期刊: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
作者: Aura C. Salocchi, Julia Krawielicki, Timothy I. Eglinton, Chiara Fioroni, Daniela Fontana, Stefano Conti, Vincenzo Picotti
更新時間: 2020-10-29
摘要: Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic variations experienced by the Mediterranean region during the mid-Miocene Burdigalian-Langhian interval have been investigated through analysis of biomarker signals (n-alkanes and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, GDGTs) from slope mudstones of the northern Apennines (Marne di Vicchio Fm). Terrestrial signatures in marine sediments reflected by preserved long-chain n-alkanes with a identifiable odd-over-even carbon number predominance attest to the thermal immaturity of the sedimentary rock. Abundances of n-C27, n-C29 and n-C31 alkanes, coupled with the carbon isotopic signatures of the n-C31 homologue suggest that Mediterranean vegetation crossed a transition phase adapting to arid conditions that may favored a shift from woodland to wooded grassland during the Middle Miocene. This ecosystem evolution could have been favored by the passage from warm humid conditions to a warm drier climate, as indicated by GDGT-based TEX86 and BIT indexes. Strong similarities between these Mediterranean biomarker records and those from the Atlantic (DSDP Sites 94, 516, 608) imply a constant connection of the western Mediterranean to the Atlantic Ocean from ~19 Ma to ~14.5 Ma.
文章二維碼:3. 題目: Making the Biotic Ligand Model kinetic, easier to develop, and more flexible for deriving water quality criteria文章編號: N20102904
期刊: Water Research
作者: Wen-Qing Liang, Minwei Xie, Qiao-Guo Tan
更新時間: 2020-10-29
摘要: In aquatic environments, the ecological risks posed by metals are greatly affected by water chemistry, thereby creating challenges for water quality management. Biotic ligand models (BLMs) have become the most widely used tools to interpret and predict water chemistry effects. Traditional BLM development methods require a large number of toxicity tests and organisms, and model predictions are limited to certain toxicity statistics (e.g., 48-h median effective concentration, 48-h EC50), to which the models were calibrated. To address these limitations, we propose a new method to develop BLMs by integrating them into the toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) framework. Metal bioaccumulation was predicted from metal exposure and water chemistry using the BLM-type toxicokinetics, whilst metal toxicity was predicted from metal bioaccumulation using the toxicodynamics. Using the new method, we developed a kinetic BLM of cadmium for Daphnia magna with only six toxicity tests and 1540 daphnids; this represents a 60−80% reduction compared to the traditional methods. The model was validated in the presence of commercial dissolved organic matter (DOM) and in natural waters sampled from 12 lakes. The kinetic BLM was able to accurately simulate the protective effects of the commercial DOM by employing the Stockholm humic model, whilst the complexation capabilities of some natural DOM were overestimated. We further used the model to predict Cd EC50 and no-effect concentrations for different waters, generating predictions close to the effect concentrations reported in the literature. Overall, our method requires fewer resources and presents an easier approach to develop BLMs; the kinetic BLM is more flexible and can serve as a useful tool for developing water quality criteria.
文章二維碼:4. 題目: Let more big fish sink: Fisheries prevent blue carbon sequestration--half in unprofitable areas文章編號: N20102903
期刊: Science advances
作者: Gaël Mariani, William W. L. Cheung, Arnaud Lyet, Enric Sala, Juan Mayorga, Laure Velez, Steven D. Gaines, Tony Dejean, Marc Troussellier, David Mouillot
更新時間: 2020-10-29
摘要: Contrary to most terrestrial organisms, which release their carbon into the atmosphere after death, carcasses of large marine fish sink and sequester carbon in the deep ocean. Yet, fisheries have extracted a massive amount of this blue carbon, contributing to additional atmospheric CO2 emissions. Here, we used historical catches and fuel consumption to show that ocean fisheries have released a minimum of 0.73 billion metric tons of CO2 (GtCO2) in the atmosphere since 1950. Globally, 43.5% of the blue carbon extracted by fisheries in the high seas comes from areas that would be economically unprofitable without subsidies. Limiting blue carbon extraction by fisheries, particularly on unprofitable areas, would reduce CO2 emissions by burning less fuel and reactivating a natural carbon pump through the rebuilding of fish stocks and the increase of carcasses deadfall.
文章二維碼:5. 題目: The effects of temperature on soil phosphorus availability and phosphatase enzyme activities: a cross-ecosystem study from the tropics to the Arctic文章編號: N20102902
期刊: Biogeochemistry
作者: Alanna N. Shaw, Cory C. Cleveland
更新時間: 2020-10-29
摘要: Earth system models predict large increases in global terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) over the next century, largely reflecting positive effects of climate change and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations on plant growth. However, while theory predicts that soil phosphorus (P) availability may keep pace with P demand as the climate warms, we lack experimental evidence to support this prediction. Here, using a set of laboratory experiments and incubations, we measured both the effect of temperature on the mechanism of biochemical P mineralization—phosphatase (Ptase) enzyme activities—and on rates of soil P mineralization in soils from a range of ecosystem types from the tropics to the Arctic. Consistent with temperature effects on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization, we found that both Ptase activities and P availability in soil increased with temperature following macromolecular rate theory (MMRT) based kinetics. However, across all sites and temperatures, there was no relationship between Ptase activity and mineralized P, indicating that the potential responses of P mineralization with warming vary among ecosystems. The lack of relationship between Ptase and P availability with increasing temperature is consistent with previous work showing that P mineralization rates are also strongly affected by other biotic and abiotic factors, including organic P substrate availability and the geochemical properties of soil. However, our results indicate that the use of Ptase temperature kinetics alone as a proxy for soil P mineralization in terrestrial ecosystems is insufficient to predict future P availability accurately, and modeling efforts that do so will likely overestimate the effects of temperature on soil P availability.
文章二維碼:6. 題目: The Bioavailability Of Dissolved, Particulate, And Adsorbed Organic Carbon In Groundwater Systems文章編號: N20102901
期刊: Ground Water
作者: Francis H. Chapelle
更新時間: 2020-10-29
摘要: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the smallest amount of organic carbon present in aquifer systems and is typically dwarfed by amounts of particulate organic carbon (POC) and adsorbed organic carbon (AOC). Research conducted over the last half century, however, has shown that these dissolved, particulate, and adsorbed compartments interact dynamically with each other. That suggests the hypothesis that the bioavailability of DOC in groundwater may indicate the bioavailability of the associated POC and AOC compartments as well. If that proves to be the case, it would greatly simplify the process of evaluating the bioavailability of total organic carbon present in groundwater systems. That hypothesis was examined by (1) comparing DOC bioavailability between two aquifers receiving modern atmospheric recharge, but with the recharge passing through POC/AOC sources of substantially different geologic ages, and (2) measuring POC/AOC bioavailability in sediments in from two aquifers before and after injection with bioavailable DOC consisting of dissolved sugars and emulsified vegetable oil. The results of both comparisons are consistent with the hypothesis that DOC bioavailability in groundwater reflects the bioavailability of the associated POC and AOC compartments and vice versa. Thus, DOC bioavailability may be a useful indicator of an aquifer's potential to drive reduction/oxidation processes that affect the chemical quality of groundwater.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
文章二維碼:更多信息關注「天然有機質研究情報」。
長按二維碼識別關注我們