20年8月9日文獻情報
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本次文獻簡報涉及森林生態系統對有機質儲存影響[1]，林地特徵對土壤不穩定有機質影響[2]，地中海沿岸CDOM與有機氮的不一致性變化特徵[3]，工程生物炭不同離子載荷下取出磷酸鹽效率[4]，有機質對重金屬汙染影響[5]，葡萄牙農業生態系統混合草和豆科植物覆蓋作物增加土壤有機質[6]，葡萄柚皮製備生物炭去除四環素[7]，腐殖酸對電動修復Cr汙染土壤影響[8]，可溶性鈣增強硝酸鹽的生物炭去除效率[9]，河流DOM對風暴降水的響應[10]，有機廢棄物生物炭對土壤柴油汙染的生物修復強化作用[11]。
1. 題目: Effects of diversity, climate and litter on soil organic carbon storage in subtropical forests文章編號: N20080911
期刊: Forest Ecology and Management
作者: Yin Li, Xiaojuan Liu, Wubing Xu, Franca J. Bongers, Weikai Bao, Bin Chen, Guoke Chen, Ke Guo, Jiangshan Lai, Dunmei Lin, Xiangcheng Mi, Xingjun Tian, Xihua Wang, Junhua Yan, Bo Yang, Yuanrun Zheng, Keping Ma
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: Tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon regulation. Although positive relationships between biodiversity and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage have been found in experimental grasslands, biodiversity effects on SOC storage in natural forests remain debated. Based on a large dataset from 523 forest inventory plots across subtropical forests in China, we tested the relationship between biodiversity and SOC storage and examined whether environmental conditions (temperature, precipitation, soil properties) and litter quantity (leaf litter and root biomass) and quality (leaf litter carbon to nitrogen ratio [leaf litter C/N]) had effects on SOC storage. Furthermore, we used linear mixed-effects models to test the relative effects of biodiversity, environmental conditions, and litter quantity and quality on SOC storage. We used structural equation models to test how these variables directly or indirectly affected SOC storage. We found that species diversity, together with climatic factors (mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation), leaf litter C/N and root biomass determined SOC storage in subtropical forests at a large spatial scale. SOC storage was most strongly affected by climatic factors, followed by leaf litter C/N. Species diversity had both direct and indirect (through root biomass and leaf litter C/N) effects on SOC storage after accounting for environmental conditions. We also found that the positive diversity–SOC storage relationships were stronger in low and medium mean annual precipitation. Our findings highlight that higher species diversity can lead to higher SOC storage and therefore the conservation of biodiversity could play an important role in climate change mitigation.
文章二維碼:2. 題目: Effects of forest floor characteristics on soil labile carbon as varied by topography and vegetation type in the Chinese Loess Plateau文章編號: N20080910
期刊: Catena
作者: Baorong Wang, Dong Liu, Jiajia Yang, Zhaolong Zhu, Frédéric Darboux, Juying Jiao, Shaoshan An
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: Vegetation type and topographic characteristics are important factors that affect the amount and spatial distribution of the forest floor and the soil carbon cycling. However, the relationships among vegetation type, topographic characteristics, forest floor properties, soil properties and soil labile organic carbon (LOC) fractions remain to be elucidated. Here, we conducted a field observational study to explore the relationships between the soil LOC fractions (microbial biomass carbon (MBC), extractable organic carbon (EOC) and permanganate oxidizable carbon (Pox-C)) and forest floor characteristics under various vegetation types (forest, forest-steppe and steppe) and topographic features (slope position and aspect). Our results showed that the vegetation type and topography are both important factors that significantly influence the forest floor properties (i.e., stock, thickness and coverage). The soil total nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly increased, and the soil pH and bulk density were decreased, with an increase in litter stock, coverage and thickness. Simultaneously, the SOC and soil LOC fractions were increased significantly with the increase in litter stock, coverage and thickness. Over 50% of the variation in the SOC and soil LOC fractions was jointly explained by environmental factors, litter properties and soil properties. Our results demonstrated that the SOC and soil LOC fractions are directly influenced by soil physical and chemical properties (e.g., pH, bulk density and soil total nitrogen) and indirectly affected by external environmental factors. Changes in vegetation and topography lead to increases in the litter stock, coverage, thickness and water content in the backslope position and northern slope, which could create favorable soil nutrient and environmental conditions (e.g., higher soil moisture and lower bulk density) to further enhance SOC and soil LOC fraction sequestration. The forest floor potentially links environmental factors and soil properties and serves as an important factor for soil C cycling.
文章二維碼:3. 題目: Mismatched dynamics of dissolved organic carbon and chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the coastal NW Mediterranean Sea文章編號: N20080909
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Elvia D. Sánchez-Pérez, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Pascal Conan, Francesc Peters, Cèlia Marrasé
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: Coastal marine ecosystems are strongly influenced by different occasional events, such as intense winds, mixing, rain and river discharges. These events can directly or indirectly cause changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality through a cascade of different biotic and abiotic processes. Changes in DOM quality are often associated with changes in DOM optical properties. Thus, examining the dynamics of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) can provide valuable information about biological and physical processes that have occurred in the ecosystem. Episodic meteorological events, particularly in temperate areas, appear very abruptly and induce very rapid responses; therefore, high time-resolved measurements are needed to capture them. We used a weekly sampling scheme to characterize DOM and nutrient dynamics in the NW Mediterranean coastal station 'SOLA'. From February 2013 to April 2014, we measured several physical and chemical variables including temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll a dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CDOM and fluorescent DOM (FDOM). During this period, two extremely high fresh water intrusions greatly influenced the dynamics of some DOM fractions, in particular the FDOM. Inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a showed seasonal patterns: A winter period characterized by a high nutrient concentration in surface waters favored the phytoplankton spring bloom; then, summer stratification extended until autumn. This stratification led to nutrient depletion and, consequently, lower chlorophyll a values in the photic zone. The CDOM and FDOM optical active fractions did not follow temporal trends similar to total DOC. This was likely because the potential sources and sinks of these DOM pools are microbial activity and light exposure, and these were acting simultaneously but in opposite directions. Interestingly, DOC exhibited the highest concentrations in summer, coinciding with nutrient and chlorophyll a minima. To explain this mismatch, we propose a sequence of abiotic and biotic phenomena that drive DOC temporal dynamics.
文章二維碼:4. 題目: Comparative investigation of characteristics and phosphate removal by engineered biochars with different loadings of magnesium, aluminum, or iron文章編號: N20080908
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Yulin Zheng, Andrew R. Zimmerman, Bin Gao
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: Engineered biochars (EBCs) loaded with metal oxides/hydroxides have been used as sorbents to remove and recycle phosphate (P) from wastewater. However, P removal by EBCs made with different types and loading of metals have rarely been compared in a single study. Thus, in this study, EBCs were synthesized through pyrolysis of bamboo or hickory wood chips (25 g) pretreated with four amounts (25, 50, 75, and 100 mmol) of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), or iron (Fe) salt solutions (Mg-EBC, Al-EBC, and Fe-EBC, respectively). The resulting EBCs were loaded with metal oxides/hydroxides that served as P adsorption sites. Al-EBCs showed the highest aqueous stability with little metal dissolution, which can be attributed to the low level of residual (unconverted) metal salt as well as the extremely low solubility of loaded Al metal oxyhydroxide. After the leaching/washing, the metal loading efficiencies of the Al- and Mg-EBCs were similar (50–60%) and stable metal loadings increased with pretreatment salt amounts, indicating that the amount of the two metal oxides/hydroxides in the EBCs can be controlled during pretreatment. However, stable iron oxide on the Fe-EBCs remained almost the same for all the four levels of pretreatment, reflecting saturation of the biochar surface. All the EBCs showed increasing P adsorption with increasing metal loading. At low initial P concentrations of 31 mg/L, Fe- and Al-EBCs removed up to 68% and 94% of P, likely through an electrostatic interaction mechanism. At high P concentrations, Mg-EBC had the largest P adsorption capacity (119.6 mg P/g), mainly through the combination of surface precipitation and electrostatic interaction mechanisms. This study demonstrates that metal oxide/hydroxide-loaded EBCs are promising sorbents that can be designed to meet specific needs for the removal of aqueous P in various applications.
文章二維碼:5. 題目: Can climate change transform non-toxic sediments into toxic soils?文章編號: N20080907
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Joanna Gmitrowicz-Iwan, Sławomir Ligęza, Jacek Pranagal, Beata Kołodziej, Halina Smal
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: Our work addresses a neglected aspect of heavy metal (HM) pollution of sediments in small floodplain reservoirs. Very little is known about this type of water bodies, in contrast to oxbow lakes or old river beds. The study examines the spatial horizontal distribution of HM and the effect of texture, organic carbon (OC) content, morphometric and location features on HM concentrations. Moreover, the data from the assessment of sediment toxicity were analysed with respect to recent years' droughts to estimate the potential toxicity of sediments as soils. The statistical analyses showed that the texture and the OC content had a significant impact on the HM concentrations. Fine-grained and OC-rich sediments exhibited higher HM pollution. Only one morphometric/location factor was shown to affect HM levels in sediments – the angle between the reservoir axis and the riverbed. The angle value affected the texture and, consequently, the HM content: with a rising angle the share of the coarse-grained fraction increased leading to a decrease in the HM concentration. The spatial horizontal HM distribution did not show statistically significant results, nonetheless, HM content was found to rise along with the distance from the initial part of reservoir. The toxicity levels were not exceeded in sediments, however, the evaluation of the material as soil showed that, according to European Union guidelines, the content of at least one HM was toxic in 80% of the samples. Contaminated floodplain reservoirs should be regarded as a double threat to riverine ecosystems. On the one hand, they are one of the main non-point sources of river valley pollution; on the other hand, given the drying up of reservoirs, sediments become soils and the soil-bound heavy metals become more toxic to the environment.
文章二維碼:6. 題目: Soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools are increased by mixed grass and legume cover crops in vineyard agroecosystems: Detecting short-term management effects using infrared spectroscopy文章編號: N20080906
期刊: Geoderma
作者: K.R. Ball, J.A. Baldock, C. Penfold, S.A. Power, S.J. Woodin, P. Smith, E. Pendall
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: The incorporation of cover crops in orchards and vineyards can increase soil organic carbon (OC) and improve nitrogen (N) availability. This study compared how three herbaceous under-vine cover crop assemblages affected OC and N pools in four edaphically distinct vineyard agroecosystems. Using physical fractionation and soil spectral analysis we: 1) compared effects of grass and legume mono- and poly-cultures on total, coarse (≥50 µm) and fine (<50 µm) pools of OC and total N (TN), as well as extractable N (ExN), and 2) assessed predictions of OC and TN pools by infrared spectroscopy (IRS) and partial least squares regression analyses (PLSR). Compared with the control treatment, total, coarse and fine fraction OC were greater in the presence of grasses and legumes; ExN was increased 38% by legumes, and 78% in legume-grass mixture. With initial calibration, we used one soil spectral analysis to successfully derive models predicting contents of OC in the whole soil, and the allocation of OC to coarse and fine fractions. In addition to demonstrating the efficacy of incorporating grass and legume cover crops into vineyard cropping systems to improve OC and the storage and availability of N across diverse soil types, this study confirms the ability of IRS/PLSR to predict changes in OC concentrations related to differential ground cover management. IRS/PLSR is an important and practical approach for the rapid quantification of short-term management impacts on SOM pools, contributing significantly towards improved understanding of soil C and N dynamics in vineyard agroecosystems.
文章二維碼:7. 題目: Activation of grapefruit derived biochar by its peel extracts and its performance for tetracycline removal文章編號: N20080905
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Haixiang Yu, Lin Gu, Lu Chen, Haifeng Wen, Daofang Zhang, Hong Tao
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: A novel adsorbent derived from grapefruit peel (GP) based biochar (GPBC) was synthesized by combined carbonization of GP and subsequent activation by GP extracts. Compared to biochar without extracts activation, the technique granted GPBC-20 (with 1:20 of solid-solution ratio) more abundant surface functional groups, which exerts the adsorbent superior performance for tetracycline (TC) adsorption (37.92 mg/g v.s. 16.64 mg/g). The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics models were further used to evaluate the adsorption behavior of GPBC. The enhanced adsorption was analyzed by characterization of fresh and used GPBC, revealing that the adsorption mechanism was comprised of pore filling, charge interaction and chemical bonding. The comprehensive investigation of using agricultural waste extracts as activator to prepare its raw materials-based adsorbents may be of great significance for enhanced resource utilization.
文章二維碼:8. 題目: An increasing Cr recovery from soil with catholyte-enhanced electrokinetic remediation: Effects on voltage redistribution throughout soil sections文章編號: N20080904
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Mao Gao, Fanjian Zeng, Fan Tang, Kaidi Wang, Xinyun Xu, Guangming Tian
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: The evolution of potential gradient across different soil sections that were responsible for divergence of Cr migration in electrokinetic (EK) remediation need further investigate. Here, the redistribution of Cr and voltage was conducted out under four kinds of catholytes applying a constant potential. The results showed that the total removal efficiency of dissolved Cr from soil matrix achieved 51.7% with humic acid (HA) catholyte, compared to 40.4, 36.5 and 31.9% with KCl, citric aicd (CA) and H2O catholytes, respectively. The voltage drops on soil cells were enhanced with assisted catholytes, in which facilitating the migration capacity of Cr out of soil in a faster way. The voltage shifted to cathode electrode with a significant value of above 17 V over 12 d due to polarization in EK-H2O, which may become the limiting factor for driving the Cr migration. The voltage located in the last two soil slices that controlled by electric conductivity of pore water made a large proportion of 4.3-5.2 V (1.08-1.4 V cm-1) in EK-CA, which was consistent with the highest Cr removal efficiency of 64.3-85.6%. Whilst the voltage concentrated in the first soil slice and central slices related to water holding capacity reached 3.3-5.6 V (0.83-1.40 V cm-1) in EK-HA, contributing to a remarkably increasing Cr removal efficiency of 49.3-58.7%. In addition, HA can restrain the transformation and migration of Ca and S ions. Furthermore, higher migration potential for Cr indicated the voltage were efficiently consumed on Cr depletion in EK-HA. These suggested that HA was optional catholyte for site with the utmost Cr recovery and lower energy loss.
文章二維碼:9. 題目: Effect of soluble calcium on enhancing nitrate retention by biochar文章編號: N20080903
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Junhao Qin, Anyi Niu, Qiwen Li, Yanqing Liu, Chuxia Lin
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: Batch experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that nitrate (NO3−) could be immobilized by biochar via adsorption of CaNO3+ to the negatively charged biochar surfaces. The results show that addition of soluble Ca in both aqueous and soil systems enabled NO3− retention by the biochar material. Increase in the added Ca enhanced the retention rate and the optimal NO3− retention was gained at a Ca/NO3 molar ratio of 2 for the aqueous system. For the soil system, the Ca/NO3 molar ratio required to attain the optimal NO3− retention was much greater due to competition of other soil-borne ligands and soil colloids for the available Ca. At the same level of added Ca, the amount of NO3− being retained tended to increase with increasing dose of the biochar. More NO3− was retained in the soil system than in the aqueous system at the same dosage level of biochar due to additional adsorption of CaNO3+ by negatively changed soil organic and inorganic colloids. The findings obtained from this study have implications for developing effective methods for reducing NO3− leaching from soils.
文章二維碼:10. 題目: High-frequency analysis of dissolved organic carbon storm responses in headwater streams of contrasting forest harvest history文章編號: N20080902
期刊: Journal of Hydrology
作者: Emily Mistick, Mark S. Johnson
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams is critically important for aquatic ecosystems and human water use, and is affected by changes in land use and climate. The effects of land use change (e.g. forest harvest) on DOC are not fully understood. Past studies of the effects of forestry on DOC have found mixed results, and covariate effects complicate mechanistic understanding and may underlie regional differences. DOC is typically highest during storm events, and detailed time-resolved measurements of DOC over longer periods are just becoming feasible with advances in in situ sensors. In this paper, we investigated high frequency measurements of DOC concentration in headwater streams of contrasting forest harvest history in the UBC Malcolm Knapp Research Forest near Maple Ridge, British Columbia. We found base flow DOC concentration to be lower in the clear-cut stream (Clear cut: 2.26 ± 0.43 mg/L; Forested: 4.30 ± 0.83 mg/L). This may be due to reductions in carbon inputs like leaf litter, although the difference in drainage area, slope, and the presence of a bog lake in the forested catchment may also account for some of the observed difference. We found the DOC response to storms to be larger and faster at the clear-cut site (mean increase DOC: Clear-cut: 2.42 mg/L, Forested: 1.99 mg/L; mean rate of change DOC: Clear-cut: 0.16 mg/L/h, Forested: 0.11 mg/L/h). Elevated storm responses may be due to changes in flow paths related to forest harvesting. We found low antecedent flow and greater storm intensity to significantly predict elevated DOC storm response. This is important in the context of future climate scenarios, which predict lower summer flows and more intense storms in this region. Overall, this work contributes to our understanding of the intersection between effects of land use change and climate on water quality, with a focus on drinking water treatment implications.
文章二維碼:11. 題目: Enhanced bioremediation of diesel range hydrocarbons in soil using biochar made from organic wastes文章編號: N20080901
期刊: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
作者: Sadia Aziz, Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali, Uzma Farooq, Asif Jamal, Fang-Jing Liu, Huan He, Hongguang Guo, Michael Urynowicz, Zaixing Huang
更新時間: 2020-08-09
摘要: Hydrocarbon contamination due to anthropogenic activities is a major environmental concern worldwide. The present study focuses on biochar prepared from fruit and vegetable waste and sewage sludge using a thermochemical approach and its application for the enhanced bioremediation (biostimulation and bioaugmentation) of diesel-polluted soil. The biochar was characterized using FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), elemental analysis, surface area analysis, and pore analysis. Adsorption experiments showed that hydrocarbon degradation was attributed to biological processes rather than adsorption. The study found that various biochar amendments could significantly increase the rate of hydrocarbon biodegradation with removal efficiencies > 70%. Bioaugmentation using cow dung further improved the removal efficiency to 82%. Treatments showing the highest degree of removal efficiency indicated the presence of 27 different bacteria phyla with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria as the most abundant phyla. The present study concludes that biochar amendments have great potential for enhancing the bioremediation of soils contaminated with diesel range hydrocarbons.
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